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The struggle of LI English learners of Spanish with the clitic se has been documented Toth, 2000;Zyzik, 2006), but there have not been studies to document the use of the Spanish se by LI Portuguese speakers. Although Portuguese is structurally similar to Spanish in many ways, including the existence of se, this clitic has subtle usage differences in the two languages. In Spanish, Whitley (2002) and Zyzik (2006) have identified seven different categories of 5e; Portuguese has fewer uses and applies it less frequently (Azevedo, 2005;Cunha &Cintra, 2001;Scherre, 2005). The current study, which is a modified replication of Zyzik (2004), examines the use of se by LI Brazilian Portuguese (BP) students of Spanish. These northeastern Brazilian students narrated a short story from the picture book Pancakssfor Breakfast (DePaola, 1978) and then performed a stimulated recall task. Using this data, correct uses of se, omissions of se in obligatory contexts, and overgeneralizations of se by the LI BP participants were analyzed. In addition, the participants' noticing of errors with se was also examined through an analysis of the stimulated recall, and the results indicate that the participants did not notice any of their errors with the clitic se. The results also indicate that positive LI transfer can partially account for the LI Portuguese speakers' interlanguage; however, factors other than LI transfer need to be considered when discussing interlanguage development.
The struggle of LI English learners of Spanish with the clitic se has been documented Toth, 2000;Zyzik, 2006), but there have not been studies to document the use of the Spanish se by LI Portuguese speakers. Although Portuguese is structurally similar to Spanish in many ways, including the existence of se, this clitic has subtle usage differences in the two languages. In Spanish, Whitley (2002) and Zyzik (2006) have identified seven different categories of 5e; Portuguese has fewer uses and applies it less frequently (Azevedo, 2005;Cunha &Cintra, 2001;Scherre, 2005). The current study, which is a modified replication of Zyzik (2004), examines the use of se by LI Brazilian Portuguese (BP) students of Spanish. These northeastern Brazilian students narrated a short story from the picture book Pancakssfor Breakfast (DePaola, 1978) and then performed a stimulated recall task. Using this data, correct uses of se, omissions of se in obligatory contexts, and overgeneralizations of se by the LI BP participants were analyzed. In addition, the participants' noticing of errors with se was also examined through an analysis of the stimulated recall, and the results indicate that the participants did not notice any of their errors with the clitic se. The results also indicate that positive LI transfer can partially account for the LI Portuguese speakers' interlanguage; however, factors other than LI transfer need to be considered when discussing interlanguage development.
This article compares the strategies used in the French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese translations of Hemingway's only play, The Fifth Column. Assuming that culturally relevant features present in the source text tend to be lost in translation and taking into account the four categories of mode of address, semantic congruence, off-color language, and representation of speech—this article considers how systematic comparison of translations clarifies the relationship between a translation and the source text. The results obtained suggest that comparative translation is a viable interdisciplinary field combining elements from literary criticism, translation theory, stylistics, and cognitive linguistics.
El presente artículo presenta la reconstrucción de los supragementales de un pidgin afroportugués utilizado en América durante el siglo XVII mediante la aplicación del Método Comparativo. Esta protolengua dio origen al saramaca (Surinam), papiamento (islas ABC) y palenquero (Colombia). Palabras clave: Lenguas criollas, pidgin portugués, reconstrucción fonológica, saramaca, papiamento, palenquero. ABSTRACTThis article provides the suprasegmental reconstruction of an Afro-Portuguese pidgin spoken in the Americas in the XVII Century using the principles of the Historical Comparative Method. This proto-languages gave rise to Saramaccan (Surinam), Papiamentu (ABC islands), and Palenquero (Colombia). Key words: Creole languages, Portuguese pidgin, phonological reconstruction, Saramaccan, Papiamentu, Palenquero. ToNo y ACENTo EN El PidgiN AfRoPoRTUgUéS AMERiCANo Mario PortillaFilología y Lingüística XXXV (1) estas lenguas y que no aparecen ni en el portugués estándar ni en el español. Este hecho constituye un indicio lingüístico muy fuerte del origen compartido de estos criollos.Luego de haber establecido la relación genealógica de estas variedades, Portilla (2007) y (2008b) lleva a cabo la reconstrucción completa del sistema segmental (vocales y consonantes) del protopidgin afroportugués que habría dado origen al papiamento, saramaca y palenquero.El presente trabajo tiene el propósito de realizar la reconstrucción de los suprasegmentales de esta variedad prototípica mediante la aplicación del Método Comparativo. Para la comparación, se ha utilizado una lista de 117 grupos de cognados, los cuales fueron establecidos para la reconstrucción del sistema de segmentos vocálicos y consonánticos mencionada anteriormente. Estos grupos de cognados fueron establecidos con base en las siguientes fuentes primarias: Para el saramaca, los datos son de Huttar (1972)
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