“…The ecomorphological diversity of the Octodontidae appears associated with a geographic subdivision within the family, with fossorial and semifossorial forms (Spalacopus and Aconaemys), and the terrestrial generalist (Octodon) adapted to Mediterranean sclerophyllous woodlands and forests and semiarid open scrublands in central Chile, and saxicolous (Octomys) and semifossorial xeric adapted species (Tympanoctomys, Pipanacoctomys) inhabiting lowland aridlands in Argentina, and Octodontomys inhabiting pre-Andean Prepuna and Puna habitats in northern Argentina, southern Bolivia and north-eastern Chile (Contreras et al, 1987). This diversity of environmental conditions is accompanied by variation at physiological ), genetic (Gallardo, 1992, and behavioral (Giannoni, Borghi & Ojeda, 2000;Torres et al, 2003) levels. Different hypotheses regarding the role of major climate change during Plio-Pleistocene have been proposed to explain the distribution and ecological diversity of the family (Mares, 1975;Reig, 1986;Contreras et al, 1987;Honeycutt et al, 2003).…”