Portable oral cancer detection using a miniature confocal imaging probe with a large field of view

Abstract

We demonstrate a MEMS micromirror enabled handheld confocal imaging probe for portable oral cancer detection, where a comparatively large field of view (FOV) was generated through the programmable Lissajous scanning pattern of the MEMS micromirror. Miniaturized handheld MEMS confocal imaging probe was developed, and further compared with the desktop confocal prototype under clinical setting. For the handheld confocal imaging system, optical design simulations using CODE V R R shows the lateral and axial resolution to be 0.98 μm and 4.2 μm, where experimental values were determined to be 3 μm and 5.8 μm, respectively, with a FOV of 280 μm × 300 μm. Fast Lissajous imaging speed up to 2 fps was realized with improved Labview and Java based real-time imaging software. Properties such as 3D imaging through autofocusing and mosaic imaging for extended lateral view (6 mm × 8 mm) were examined for carcinoma real-time pathology. Neoplastic lesion tissues of giant cell fibroma and peripheral ossifying fibroma, the fibroma inside the paraffin box and ex vivo gross tissues were imaged by the bench-top and handheld imaging modalities, and further compared with commercial microscope imaging results. The MEMS scanner-based handheld confocal imaging probe shows great promise as a potential clinical tool for oral cancer diagnosis and treatment.

An electrostatically driven 2D micro-scanning mirror with capacitive sensing for projection display

“…Prior studies have shown that 2D electrostatic micro-scanning mirrors can be realized by either gimbaled [12,27] or gimbal-less [28] microstructures. A gimbal typically occupies a large area to achieve independent scanning directions, leading to a reduced fill factor which may not be desirable for some applications [29].…”

Modeling the high-frequency complex modulus of silicone rubber using standing lamb waves and an inverse finite element method

“…because of the high cost of the equipment, screening for detection of various cancer forms is not a common procedure [2]. at polyclinics, there is a need for low cost, small, hand-held probes that can be used to monitor the existence of lesions in tissues, for example, prostate cancer [3].…”

Design and characterization of a handheld multimodal imaging device for the assessment of oral epithelial lesions

“…Several optical imaging modalities, such as confocal microscopy, [8][9][10][11][12] high resolution microendoscopy (HRME), [13][14][15] and optical coherence tomography (OCT), [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] have been proposed as methods for noninvasive "optical biopsy" to improve the accuracy of oral cancer screening. Reflectance and fluorescence confocal microscopy have demonstrated the ability to provide subcellular resolution of optically sectioned images within the epithelial layer due to native tissue contrast or when used with topically applied or intravenous contrast agents.…”

“…Reflectance and fluorescence confocal microscopy have demonstrated the ability to provide subcellular resolution of optically sectioned images within the epithelial layer due to native tissue contrast or when used with topically applied or intravenous contrast agents. [8][9][10][11][12] However, these systems are expensive and typically involve custom-designed high numerical aperture optics, which are challenging to miniaturize. HRME is a simple, low-cost approach which can also provide subcellular resolution en face images of epithelial tissue, albeit without intrinsic optical sectioning.…”