Portable LED-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy for oral cancer diagnosis

Abstract

Oral cancer is a serious and growing problem in many developing and developed countries. To improve the cancer screening procedure, we developed a portable light-emitting-diode (LED)-induced autofluorescence (LIAF) imager that contains two wavelength LED excitation light sources and multiple filters to capture ex vivo oral tissue autofluorescence images. Compared with conventional means of oral cancer diagnosis, the LIAF imager is a handier, faster, and more highly reliable solution. The compact design with a tiny probe allows clinicians to easily observe autofluorescence images of hidden areas located in concave deep oral cavities. The ex vivo trials conducted in Taiwan present the design and prototype of the portable LIAF imager used for analyzing 31 patients with 221 measurement points. Using the normalized factor of normal tissues under the excitation source with 365 nm of the central wavelength and without the bandpass filter, the results revealed that the sensitivity was larger than 84%, the specificity was not smaller than over 76%, the accuracy was about 80%, and the area under curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was achieved at about 87%, respectively. The fact shows the LIAF spectroscopy has the possibilities of ex vivo diagnosis and noninvasive examinations for oral cancer.

Detection accuracy for epithelial dysplasia using an objective autofluorescence visualization method based on the luminance ratio

“…Coincidently, Yan et al 13 had just reported a new attempt of objective methods of EVINCE by calculating ROC curve, area under the curve, and regions of interest, whose methods were similar to ours and their concept was probably based on same intensions to ours. Having said that, there are three different points from our study in addition to difference of devices as follows; (1) our study proposed comparison of three modalities (the subjective and objective AVM of VELscope and IOM); (2) our study also proposed comparison of LNR between different histopathological diagnosis; and (3) the first step of examination was performed just before biopsy, which is not chair-side usage of the device.…”

“… 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 Recently, several optical imaging system have been produced such as Visually Enhanced Lesion scope (VELscope, White Rock, BC, Canada), EVINC (MMOptics, São Carlos, Brazil), and Identifi 3000 (DentalEZ Inc, Malvern, PA, USA), using different wavelength of light sources. 11 , 13 , 14 …”

Multiclass classification of autofluorescence images of oral cavity lesions based on quantitative analysis

“…Autofluorescence is used in a fast and non-invasive method for detecting malignant and premalignant lesions. Many new diagnostic techniques and instruments are routinely used; they include Vizi-Lite (Zila Pharmaceuticals, Phoenix, AZ), Identafi (DentalEZ, PA, USA), Narrow band imaging (NBI; Olympus Medical Systems Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and VELscope (LED Medical Diagnostics Inc., Burnaby Canada) [34,35]. Vizi-Lite is an old device that is based on chemical autofluorescence.…”

Autofluorescence imaging for recurrence detection in skin cancer postoperative scars

“…Dermoscopic criteria for skin cancer detection in situ, such as increased vascularity, the presence of pigmentation, ulceration, inflammation and keratinization are related to the appearance of unique autofluorescence features of biological tissue . The method of autofluorescence has already been shown to improve the identification of primary BCC and SCC lesions that may not be visible to the naked eye or dermoscopy . Considering the criteria for non‐melanoma skin cancer identification, healthy skin has intense green autofluorescence whereas cancerous areas may appear darker .…”