Portable Emissions Measurement for Retrofit Applications – The Beijing Bus Retrofit Experience

Khair, Magdi; Khalek, Imad A.; Guy, John

doi:10.4271/2008-01-1825

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Other authors have obtained the repeatability of measurement testing under controlled conditions in a chosen test circuit, with a very low or null traffic. These conditions were reached testing in high speed roads (Cocker et al 2004, Gao andCheckel 2007), or testing in hours with low traffic in a limited part of a city (Khair et al 2008. However, the use of a test circuit under controlled conditions is not representative of the vehicle operation under real driving conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for the analysis of pollutant emissions from a city bus

Armas¹,

Lapuerta²,

Mata³

2012

Meas. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work a methodology is proposed for measurement and analysis of gaseous emissions and particle size distributions emitted by a diesel city bus during its typical operation under urban driving conditions. As test circuit, a passenger transportation line at a Spanish city was used. Different ways for data processing and representation were studied and, derived from this work, a new approach is proposed. The methodology was useful to detect the most important uncertainties arising during registration and processing of data derived from a measurement campaign devoted to determine the main pollutant emissions. A HORIBA OBS-1300 gas analyzer and a TSI engine exhaust particle spectrometer were used with 1 Hz frequency data recording. The methodology proposed allows for the comparison of results (in mean values) derived from the analysis of either complete cycles or specific categories (or sequences). The analysis by categories is demonstrated to be a robust and helpful tool to isolate the effect of the main vehicle parameters (relative fuel–air ratio and velocity) on pollutant emissions. It was shown that acceleration sequences have the highest contribution to the total emissions, whereas deceleration sequences have the least.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for the analysis of pollutant emissions from a city bus

Armas¹,

Lapuerta²,

Mata³

2012

Meas. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The current level of technology advancement related to the measurement of the toxic emissions enables testing means of transportation under real operating conditions [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9]12]. Such investigations allow the determining of the emissions of individual exhaust gas compounds under real traffic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Measurements of the AI-14RA Aviation Engine in stationary test and under Real Operating Conditions of PZL-104 ‘Wilga’ Plane

Merkisz¹,

Markowski²,

Pielecha³

et al. 2010

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to a rapid development of air transportation there is a need for the assessment of real environmental risk related to the aircraft operation. The emission of carbon monoxide and particulate matter is still a serious threatconstituting an obstacle in the development of combustion engines. The applicable regulations related to the influence of the air transportation on the environment introduced by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) contained in JAR 34 (JAA, Joint Aviation Requirements, JAR 34, Aircraft Engine Emissions), FAR 34 (FAA, Federal Aviation Regulations, Part 34, Fuel Venting and Exhaust Emission Requirements for Turbine Engine Powered Airplanes), mostly pertain to the emission of noise and exhaust gas compounds, NO x in particular. They refer to jet engines and have stationary test procedures depending on the engine operating conditions. The actual standards for the aircraft with the turbine engine emissions assessment are the procedures included in ICAO, FAR 34 regulations [15, 17]. These procedures are stationary and they are provided in the airport area. The said standards do not include aviation piston engines.Due to the differences in the combustion processes between piston and jet engines it should be assumed that the toxic emissions of a piston combustion engine will be higher than those of a jet engine [5]. A considerable growth in the number of general aviation class aircraft may contribute to an increase in the emissions from piston aviation engines, which may pose a threat to the natural environment. The emission of NO x in the upper parts of the atmosphere is particularly disadvantageous as it fosters the greenhouse effect [13].The article presents the results of the exhaust gas emissions research of the small aircraft engine under real operating conditions and the results of the emissions measurements provided during the stationary tests in airport area. The paper presents results of the comparative analysis of the achieved measurements. The analysis enable us to assess the method of the stationary emissions measurements of the toxic gases contained in the exhaust gases of the aviation piston combustion engines.

show abstract