Porphyrins as Catalysts in Scalable Organic Reactions

Abstract

Catalysis is a topic of continuous interest since it was discovered in chemistry centuries ago. Aiming at the advance of reactions for efficient processes, a number of approaches have been developed over the last 180 years, and more recently, porphyrins occupy an important role in this field. Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are fascinating compounds which are involved in a number of synthetic transformations of great interest for industry and academy. The aim of this review is to cover the most recent progress in reactions catalysed by porphyrins in scalable procedures, thus presenting the state of the art in reactions of epoxidation, sulfoxidation, oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds and C-H functionalization. In addition, the use of porphyrins as photocatalysts in continuous flow processes is covered.

Single vs double atom catalyst for N2 activation in nitrogen reduction reaction: A DFT perspective

“…But it is challenging for large‐scale application in terms of affordable cost to create sufficient sites for the supporting TM with good uniformity and high density. Metal‐polypyridines and metalloporphyrin derivatives (Figure 1B) have a long history being widely used in organic synthesis and electrocatalyst, because of their flexible geometry and electronic tunability . However, they typically serve as molecular homogenous catalyst with poor electronic conductivity that slows down the reactivity kinetics.…”

Styrene Oxidation to Valuable Compounds over Nanosized FeCo-Based Catalysts: Effect of the Third Metal Addition

“…Fe-based solids are one of the most widely studied catalytic materials in converting hydrocarbons through oxidation reactions, owing to their promising physicochemical properties [1][2][3]. The features Reaction II is another pathway for styrene oxidation reaction leading to the formation of valuable chemical products such as 2-phenylehtnol, 2-phenyl acetic acid, 2-phenyl acetaldehyde, acetophenone, and ethylbenzene.…”

The mechanism(s) of action of antioxidants: From scavenging reactive oxygen/nitrogen species to redox signaling and the generation of bioactive secondary metabolites

“…Development and application of biomimetic or bio‐inspired chemical reactions represent a rapidly emerging approach in today's chemistry. Such reactions use transition metals as catalysts either in free forms or in their complexes, for example as metallo‐porphyrins, to perform various oxidative transformations similar to those observed in biological systems. A common feature of these types of reactions is that the oxidizing agent is an activated (ie reactive) oxygen or nitrogen species formed by electron transfer from the transition metal, aiming to mimic the way oxidase enzymes work …”