Porphycenes: Facts and Prospects in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer

Wang

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

et al. 2015

In this study, a novel photosensitizer meso-tetra (3-pyrrolidinomethyl-4-methoxyphenyl) chlorin (TPMC) was reported. It displays a characteristic long wavelength absorption peak at 656 nm and it shows a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.48. After light irradiation with 650 nm laser, it can kill Eca-109 and SMMC-7721 cells in vitro (25 mW/cm 2 , 1.2 to 3.6 J/cm 2 Þ and destroy Eca-109 tumor in nude mice (50 mW/cm 2 , 90 J/cm 2 Þ. It has the perspective to be developed as a new anti-tumor drug in photodynamic therapy (PDT) photodiagnosis, and deserves further investigation.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-tumor activities of a novel chlorin derivative for photodynamic therapy in vitro and in vivo

Wang

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

et al. 2015

J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines

“…Porphyrin isomers such as porphycenes, because of their lower symmetry with respect to the corresponding porphyrins, also exhibit strong absorption in the red and far red regions of the visible spectrum and are intensively investigated for both anticancer and antimicrobial PDT applications [24,25]. Phthalocyanines, with their more extended macrocyclic structure as compared to porphyrins (Fig.…”

Section: Ideal Properties Of Photosensitizers For Pdtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for optimizing the delivery to tumors of macrocyclic photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT)

Moret

Reddi

2017

This review briefly summaries the principles and mechanisms of action of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as concerns its application in the oncological field, highlighting its drawbacks and some of the strategies that have been or are being explored to overcome them. The major aim is to increase the efficiency and selectivity of the photosensitizer (PS) uptake in the cancer cells for optimizing the PDT effects on tumors while sparing normal cells. Some attempts to achieve this are based on the conjugation of the PS to biomolecules (small ligands, peptides) functioning as carriers with the ability to efficiently penetrate cells and/or specifically recognize and bind proteins/receptors overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells. Alternatively, the PS can be entrapped in nanocarriers derived from various types of materials that can target the tumor by exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. The use of nanocarriers is particularly attractive because it allows the simultaneous delivery of more than one drug with the possibility of combining PDT with other therapeutic modalities.

Photomedicine - Advances in Clinical Practice

“…As PS used in dermatopathology, only two of them are known to be approved by FDA, namely 5-ALA and MAL, which are prodrugs becoming active upon intracellular metabolization [50], while other PS attempts are currently made with novel (bio) structures related to porphyrin skeleton such as porphycenes [51,52]. Once activated in tumor cell, a PS triggers different pathways depending on intracellular localization of PS, PS's dose and type, light dose, cell genotype, affecting cell fate in terms of death and proliferation.…”

Section: Pathways In Intracellular Events Triggered By Various Photosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitizers Imprinting Intracellular Signaling Pathways in Dermato-Oncology Therapy

Constantin¹,

Neagu²

2017

This chapter describes the main deregulated intracellular pathways at both genetic and proteomic levels that are found in three main skin cancers: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. In basal cell carcinoma, the main intracellular signaling pathways is the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, while in squamous cell carcinoma, it is the p53 pathway. However, in both nonmelanoma skin cancers, these major pathways trigger cross-activation with other important ones. In melanoma, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and PI3K/Akt pathways are deeply deregulated, and moreover due to the disease complexity, BRAF, RAS (N/H/K), NF1 and Triple-WT melanoma subtypes need additional molecular stratification. The stage in which photodynamic therapies' clinical application is in the treatment of these diseases is another subject tackled by the chapter. Thus, if basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma possess in their therapeutical armamentarium photodynamic therapies approach, melanoma, with its particularities, still needs thorough molecular investigations to adapt this particular therapy. Based on the accumulated knowledge on pathological intracellular pathways, the chapter describes the molecular details that reside in applying photodynamic therapy. In vivo and in vitro models of cutaneous malignancy and photodynamic therapies' molecular events are further detailed.