Porous material based on spongy titanium granules: Structure, mechanical properties, and osseointegration

Comparison of elastic properties of open‐cell metallic biomaterials with different unit cell types

“…Before the advent of additive manufacturing technologies, several manufacturing techniques, such as powder metallurgy, laser and plasma arc welding of powders, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, pressing of metallic powders with filler and its subsequent removal, pressure casting of powder metals and alloys were used to construct open-cell foams. 35 The metal foams manufactured using the aforementioned methods usually have random micro-structures and nonuniform distribution of micro-mechanical properties. Even at the same relative density, the macro-mechanical properties of porous structures made by different fabrication technologies can be very different.…”

Functionalization of Ti6Al4V scaffolds produced by direct metal laser for biomedical applications

“…More recently, Lin et al [42] have produced by DLSM titanium specimens of Ti6Al4V for dental implants with elastic modulus of 35 GPa, which are really close to the cortical bone. On the other hand, Rubshtein et al [43] sintered spongy titanium granules getting values of the elastic modulus as low as 3.5 GPa which are close to those of trabecular bone tissue. In all cases, porosity plays an important role for determining the mechanical properties.…”

Entangled structures as high cycle compression springs

“…Other prior work includes using finite element models to directly simulate the deformation of "dry" fiber networks, where strands are assumed to be bonded together with elastic springs and no subsequent sliding takes place [19]. As shown by Rubshtein et al, the predicted Young's modulus can differ for the varying models [12]. Thus, the models are compared below for varying parameters, which will later be compared to the experimental data to establish applicability for the entangled structures tested herein.…”

“…Entangled titanium wire materials (ETWM) and porous titanium foams have been considered for tissue reconstruction, orthopedic implants, and bone repairs [10][11][12][13][14]. The challenge for the medical industry has been to match the mechanical properties of entangled wire structures to similar mechanical properties of bone which has been attempted by altering the effective porosity of the structure created by the entangled wires [11,14].…”