Porous Cup Samplers; Cleaning Procedures and Potential Sample Bias From Trace Element Contamination

Adsorption of Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc to a Poly(tetrafluorethene) Porous Soil Solution Sampler

“…The difference between the releases of Cu and Cd, Ni, and Zn suggested that the adsorption of Cu to the cup was stronger than for the three other metal cations. Creasey and Dreiss (1988) were not able to clean Cu from PTFE cups either, even after percolation of 750 mL of 1 M acid. Maitre et al (1991) investigated the micromorphology of the porous walls of a suction cup produced in the same way as the suction cup investigated in the present study.…”

“…Creasey and Dreiss (1988) showed that acid cleansing of PTFE cups using 1 M HCl was a fast process. In our experiments 0.01 M HNO 3 was used in order not to create new adsorption sites on the PTFE surface, but the cleansing process was also fast, and only Cu was released at concentrations above the detection limit after percolation of 250 mL of acid (Fig.…”

The Influence of Pedology and Changes in Soil Moisture Status on Manganese Release from Upland Catchments: Soil Core Laboratory Experiments

“…To investigate Mn release, soil water from each core was also sampled regularly (normally daily) via a small suction probe inserted horizontally at the midpoint of the core The probe consisted of a 2.5 cm diameter porous ceramic cup attached to a 50 ml polycarbonate sample chamber. The suction probes were pre-conditioned prior to installation following the procedures of Grover and Lamborn (1979) and Creasey and Dreiss (1988) by flushing with 1 M hydrochloric acid, followed by deionised water, until the pH of the extracted solution remained constant. Soil water samples were collected from the cores by creating a vacuum of approximately 60-70 kPa in the suction probe with a hand-held pump and leaving the probe sealed for 24 h. There were periods during the drying phase when insufficient soil water was collected from the treatment cores for analysis, either due to the matric potential in the dry soil being greater than the suction applied to the probe, or due to the entry of air into the suction probe as the soil surrounding it cracked and shrank.…”

Land application uses for dry flue gas desulfurization by-products: Phase 3

“…It was, therefore, desirable to evaluate the potential for contamination from the ceramic cups. Additionally, previous workexx,including Creasey and Dreiss (1988) and McGuire et al (1992) have found that significant sample bias may result from contamination by trace elementsleachedfrom or sorbedto the ceramiccups.The selected lysimeters were first soaked in distilled, deionized water, then about 1 liter of certified inorganic-free water was ford through the entixe lysimeter assembly including the sampling tubes. Water samples were then analyzed and were found to be free of the constituents listed in Table 18.…”