Porous Carbon Packings for Liquid Chromatography

Unger, Klaus K.

doi:10.1021/ac00254a716

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Several reviews describe the application of carbon in liquid and gas chromatography [162][163][164]. Leboda et al [165,166] reviewed carbon-mineral adsorbents in a two-part paper which covers the preparation of composite adsorbents as well as the surface properties and modification methods.…”

Section: Carbon-coated Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part II. Chromatography using ultra-stable metal oxide-based stationary phases for HPLC

Nawrocki

Dunlap

et al. 2004

Journal of Chromatography A

194

115

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Section: Carbon-coated Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part II. Chromatography using ultra-stable metal oxide-based stationary phases for HPLC

Nawrocki

Dunlap

et al. 2004

Journal of Chromatography A

194

115

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“…In the 1970s, in light of the drawbacks associated with silica-based stationary phases, specifically related to the fragility and instability of the bonded ligands, attention shifted to carbon as a potential alternative 5 , 6 . The idea of covering aggregates of graphitized carbon black or silica particles with pyrolytic carbon stimulated the development of porous glassy carbon 7 – 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-modified three-dimensional graphene nanosheets as a stationary phase for chromatographic separation of chiral drugs

Candelaria

Frolova

Kowalski

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Carbon-based stationary phases for chromatographic separation have been commercially available since the 1980s. Porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography columns are known to be highly resistant to aggressive mobile phases and extreme pH values of solvents and eluents, an important advantage compared to conventional silica-based alternatives. In our work, we demonstrate a new variant of carbon-based stationary phases for liquid chromatography, specifically developed for chiral separation. Mesoporous three-dimensional graphene nanosheets (3D GNS), functionalized with tetracyanoethylene oxide (TCNEO) and (S)-(+)-2-pyrrolidinemethanol, demonstrate pharmaceutical-grade chiral separation of model ibuprofen and thalidomide racemic mixtures when used as Chiral Stationary Phases (CSPs), with performance parameters comparable to currently commercially available CSPs. Simple covalent attachment of functionalization groups to the surface of mesoporous three-dimensional graphene nanosheets makes these carbon-based CSPs chemically stable and up to an order of magnitude less expensive than standard silica-based analogues.

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“…In principle, the unique reversed phase retentivity of carbon surfaces mitigates all these issues. The high chemical and thermal stability, and the unique chromatographic selectivity of a carbon phase have been discussed many times [20,21]. We have used 3 μm fully porous carbon clad zirconia (C/ZrO 2 ) as the second dimension in LC x LC for these reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a carbon clad core-shell silica for high speed two-dimensional liquid chromatography

Paek

Huang

Filgueira

et al. 2012

Journal of Chromatography A

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We recently introduced a new method ([1]) to deposit carbon on fully porous silicas (5 μm) to address some of the shortcomings of carbon clad zirconia (C/ZrO2), which has rather low retention due to its low surface area (20–30 m2/g). The method enables the introduction of a thin, homogeneous layer of Al (III) on silica to serve as catalytic sites for carbon deposition without damaging the silica’s native pore structure. Subsequent carbon deposition by chemical vapor deposition resulted in chromatographically useful carbon phases as shown by good efficiencies and higher retentivity relative to C/ZrO2. Herein, we use the above method to develop a novel carbon phase on superficially porous silica (2.7 μm). This small, new form of silica offers better mass transfer properties and higher efficiency with lower column back pressures as compared to sub 2 μm silica packings, which should make it attractive for use as the second dimension in fast two-dimensional LC (LC x LC). After carbon deposition, several studies were conducted to compare the new packing with C/ZrO2. Consistent with work on 5 μm fully porous silica, the metal cladding did not cause pore blockage. Subsequent carbon deposition maintained the good mass transfer properties as shown by the effect of velocity on HETP. The new packing exhibits efficiencies up to ~ 5.6 fold higher than C/ZrO2 for polar compounds. We observed similar chromatographic selectivity for all carbon phases tested. Consequently, the use of the new packing as the second dimension in fast LC x LC improved the peak capacity of fast LC x LC. The new material gave loading capacities similar to C/ZrO2, which is rather expected based on the surface areas of the two phases.

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Porous Carbon Packings for Liquid Chromatography

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Part II. Chromatography using ultra-stable metal oxide-based stationary phases for HPLC

Part II. Chromatography using ultra-stable metal oxide-based stationary phases for HPLC

Surface-modified three-dimensional graphene nanosheets as a stationary phase for chromatographic separation of chiral drugs

Development of a carbon clad core-shell silica for high speed two-dimensional liquid chromatography

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