Porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia: the erythropoietic response to iron-deficiency anaemia

Oxenham, Marc; Cavill, I.

doi:10.1537/ase.100302

Cited by 163 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Reduction in diet quality is often associated with the development of cranial lesions known as cribra orbitalia (CO) and porotic hyperostosis (PH) that represent an adaptive reaction of skeletal tissue to red bone marrow hyperplasia in response to childhood hemolytic or megaloblastic anemias (44). In regions where genetic hemoglobinopathies are rare, these lesions signal chronic anemia episodes during childhood caused by insufficient dietary iron, vitamin deficiencies, or loss of iron because of intestinal parasites (44,45). To analyze the relationships between stable isotope values and anemia indicators (CO and PH present = 1, absent = 0) (Dataset S2), we performed univariate logistic regressions with δ (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting diets and the rise of male-biased inequality on the Central Plains of China during Eastern Zhou

Dong

Morgan

Chinenov

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Farming domesticated millets, tending pigs, and hunting constituted the core of human subsistence strategies during Neolithic Yangshao (5000–2900 BC). Introduction of wheat and barley as well as the addition of domesticated herbivores during the Late Neolithic (∼2600–1900 BC) led to restructuring of ancient Chinese subsistence strategies. This study documents a dietary shift from indigenous millets to the newly introduced cereals in northcentral China during the Bronze Age Eastern Zhou Dynasty (771–221 BC) based on stable isotope analysis of human and animal bone samples. Our results show that this change affected females to a greater degree than males. We find that consumption of the newly introduced cereals was associated with less consumption of animal products and a higher rate of skeletal stress markers among females. We hypothesized that the observed separation of dietary signatures between males and females marks the rise of male-biased inequality in early China. We test this hypothesis by comparing Eastern Zhou human skeletal data with those from Neolithic Yangshao archaeological contexts. We find no evidence of male–female inequality in early farming communities. The presence of male-biased inequality in Eastern Zhou society is supported by increased body height difference between the sexes as well as the greater wealth of male burials.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting diets and the rise of male-biased inequality on the Central Plains of China during Eastern Zhou

Dong

Morgan

Chinenov

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A provocative paper by Walker et al (2009) somewhat reinvigorated such studies by challenging the well-established interpretation of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis as indicators of childhood iron deficiency. They posited that iron deficiency could not physiologically cause the lesions associated with marrow hyperplasia, although this assertion has been challenged by other researchers (Oxenham and Cavill 2010;Mays 2012). Further research has concluded that, while iron deficiency may not be responsible for the lesions, it is the end result and part of the body's defence mechanism against infection (Rothschild 2012;Steyn et al 2016).…”

Section: The Palaeopathology Of Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Bioarchaeology: Perspectives on the Past 10 Years

Mays

Gowland

Halcrow

et al. 2017

Childhood in the Past

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. This article aims to provide an overview of some of the more important developments in the bioarchaeology of childhood over the past decade. Analysis of publication trends in the major osteoarchaeology and physical anthropology journals demonstrated a rise in research papers dealing with skeletal remains of children, with dietary and palaeopathological studies especially predominant. Innovations in these areas are discussed in more detail, together with some important developments in theoretical frameworks for using skeletal evidence to situate children in past societies. Among these latter is the life course approach, in which childhood is considered within the context of the trajectory of the entire life course. The integration of studies of child skeletal remains with those of adults helps to provide a more complete picture of communities in the past.

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“…Their effect in past populations was undoubtedly enhanced by iron loss from diarrheal diseases in poor hygiene environments. However, Oxenham and Cavill (2010) claimed that iron-deficiency hypothesis was still a valid explanation of high frequencies of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia in skeletal samples.…”

Section: Cribra Orbitalia and Porotic Hyperostosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and health status of children and adolescents in medieval Central Europe

Krenz‐Niedbała

2017

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Subadult growth and health have been analyzed in three cemetery samples from medieval Poland, including two early-urban sites: Cedynia dated to the 10th-14th centuries AD, and Ostrów Lednicki dated to the 13th-15th centuries AD, and a rural site Słaboszewo dated to the 14th-17th centuries AD. The nutritional status was not expected to have substantially differed among the settlements, due to the culturally induced undiversified diet of children, and predominant share of medium-to-low status individuals. However, city life and village life were supposed to differ in factors correlated with the spread of infections, and as such it was expected to find significant differences in respiratory health among early-urban and rural dwellers.The prevalences of diet-dependent diseases, scurvy and rickets, were found to be statistically indistinguishable among the three studied populations, while higher frequency of skeletal signs of poor respiratory health was observed in early-urban Cedynia than rural Słaboszewo. Slightly lower prevalences of skeletal stress indicators were found for the rural than the early-urban site. Skeletal growth profiles and the dynamics of long bone growth were found to be remarkably similar for the early-urban samples (Cedynia and Ostrów Lednicki), with the rural subadults having the shortest diaphyseal lengths, and lower growth dynamics.It can be concluded that adverse factors associated with the urban settlement were more detrimental to respiratory health than those in the village. A variety of factors are potentially responsible for this pattern, including population density, building structure, quality of air and water, sanitation, and occupation. Perhaps, the key factor in response to environmental and socio-cultural constraints was the stability of living conditions in the village, which allowed the inhabitants to develop sufficient adaptive mechanisms. In contrast, the history of strongholds such as Cedynia was changeable due to political situation, military threats and migrations of people.

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Porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia: the erythropoietic response to iron-deficiency anaemia

Cited by 163 publications

References 17 publications

Shifting diets and the rise of male-biased inequality on the Central Plains of China during Eastern Zhou

Shifting diets and the rise of male-biased inequality on the Central Plains of China during Eastern Zhou

Child Bioarchaeology: Perspectives on the Past 10 Years

Growth and health status of children and adolescents in medieval Central Europe

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