Porosity and pore size distribution of different wood types as determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry

Plötze, Michael; Niemz, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00107-010-0504-0

Cited by 239 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This result contradicts the findings of Zauer et al (2013) who observed lower cell wall density in softwood than in hardwood. In a recent study, Plötze and Niemz (2011) obtained an average value of 1493 kg m −3 with a minimum of 1458 kg m −3 for Nauclea diderrichii and a maximum of 1528 kg m −3 for Q. robur. The value for F. sylvatica is 1472 kg m −3 .…”

Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Longuetaud

Mothe

Fournier

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract• Key message Variability and interrelations between wood density, water content, and related properties were analyzed by CT scanning of five species. Relative water content of lumens is proposed as the best complement to basic specific gravity for discrimination of species with respect to their functioning. Handling Editor: Jean-Michel LebanContribution of the co-authors Fleur Longuetaud designed the experiment, run the data analysis and was the main writer. Frédéric Mothe designed the experiment, run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Meriem Fournier contributed to the discussions and to the writing. Jana Dlouha contributed to the discussions and to the writing. Philippe Santenoise helped to run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Christine Deleuze supervised the work, coordinated the EMERGE project and contributed to the writing. • Context X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an efficient tool for analysis of wood properties related to density and water content all along a tree stem. Basic specific gravity, an inherent property of the wood material, is well known and widely used in wood sciences.• Aims The first aim of this study was to describe a method for mapping a set of wood properties within a tree stem. The second objective was to analyze the relations among these properties and to identify the one that offers the best information in addition to basic specific gravity for discrimination of species.• Methods Wood discs were collected at various heights along a tree stem. We used a method consisting of comparing the CT images of the discs in the green state and after oven drying. Finally, 10 variables were computed for 115 trees of five temperate species: green, oven-dry, and basic specific gravities; moisture content; relative water content; relative water content of lumens; and fractions of air, water, free water, and cell walls.• Results Maps of wood properties summarizing the radial and vertical variations were obtained, allowing us to highlight species-specific patterns. The five species were discriminated best when plotted in the plane defined by basic specific gravity and relative water content of lumens.• Conclusion The proposed method is original and simple enough to process large samples. Because it correlated less with basic specific gravity than with moisture content, relative water content of lumens was selected for species characterization. This is the first study of such wood properties at this fine scale within a tree stem, simultaneously and for a substantial number of trees of five species including both hardwoods and softwoods.

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Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Longuetaud

Mothe

Fournier

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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“…Techniques for measuring the porosity of wood include MIP (Schneider 1982(Schneider , 1983Ding et al 2008, Plötze andNiemz 2011) and gas adsorption isotherms or solute exclusion (Berthold and Salmen 1997), as well as thermo-porosimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance (Furo and Daicic 1999), and small-angle X-ray scattering (Jakob et al 1996). The MIP method can be used to measure macro-and mesopores in the range of 1.8 nm to 58 µm (Plötze and Niemz 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Treatment for Enhancing the Liquid Permeability of Chinese Fir

He¹,

Lin²,

Fu³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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A microwave (MW) treatment method was applied to Chinese fir wood to improve its liquid permeability. It was found that the optimum parameters for the MW treatment of Chinese fir to achieve an improved permeability without significantly affecting its mechanical properties were as follows: a MW intensity of 20 kW, moisture content (MC) ranging from 40% to 60%, and a processing time of 60 s. The microscopic structure of Chinese fir wood before and after MW treatment was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which revealed that micro-checks were formed at the intercellular layer of ray cells and longitudinal tracheids; pit membranes were destroyed; and damage to cell walls was also observed. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test results showed that the pore diameter at pit opening range increased after MW treatment (peak value of control sample: 553.7 nm; peak value of MW-treated sample: 921.1 nm) and micropores were generated, which also contributed to the improved permeability of Chinese fir wood. Positive correlations between microstructural changes and liquid permeability were found.

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“…Although total intrusion volume, pore area, and average pore diameter values also changed, the bulk densities of the control samples and sapwood samples after enzymatic treatment were almost the same. Pore radii were classified into three groups: r< 0.1 µm (microvoids), 0.1 to 5 µm (small tracheid gaps), 0.1 to 0.7 µm (diameter of margo capillaries), and r>5 µm (lumen radii) (Schneider 1979;Plotze and Niemz 2011;He et al 2014). Figures 2 and 3 reveal a clear increase in porosity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Enzyme Treatment of Spruce Wood to Increase Permeability

Durmaz¹,

Yıldız²,

Yıldız³

2015

BioResources

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In this study, spruce sapwood was administered an alkaline enzyme treatment to improve the flow of wood liquid so that more preservative chemicals could be injected. Spruce wood is recognised as a refractory wood species. Pit membranes play an important role in liquid flow. In this study, an alkaline pectinase enzyme was applied to remove the pectin layer on the torus of the pits and margo. After enzymatic treatment, the pectin layers on the pit membrane were removed. When samples were investigated by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), it was evident that pit membranes were destroyed and the permeability increased. In addition, no noteworthy weight loss was observed.

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Porosity and pore size distribution of different wood types as determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry

Cited by 239 publications

References 12 publications

Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Microwave Treatment for Enhancing the Liquid Permeability of Chinese Fir

Alkaline Enzyme Treatment of Spruce Wood to Increase Permeability

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