“…In contrast, undrained responses are frequently observed in field measurements, especially in oil and gas applications. A number of papers, such as those by Cheng et al (1993Cheng et al ( , 2008, Ghabezloo et al (2008), Chen et al (2009), Belmokhtar et al (2017), and Wong (2017) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], have studied the isotropic poroelastic behavior of different porous media materials (such as concrete, granite, and sandstone) under undrained conditions through numerical simulations, predicting various parameters, such as the drained modulus, storage modulus, and effective stress coefficients.…”