Pore-Scale CO₂ Displacement Simulation Based on the Three Fluid Phase Lattice Boltzmann Method

Abstract

With the worldwide increasing concern regarding environmental protection and controlling carbon emission, carbon dioxide (CO2) displacement in the subsurface becomes a vital process in environmental engineering and petroleum engineering. In this study, we propose a new “D3Q27” three fluid phase lattice Boltzmann method (TPLBM) based on a multiple relaxation time algorithm to study the flow behavior of three fluids, water, CO2, and oil in this study. A series of TPLBM simulation studies are carried out on a three-dimensional digital replica of a rock (sandstone) to investigate the microprocesses and mechanisms of CO2 displacement from its oil–water–CO2 systems. Data gathered from high-resolution X-ray computed tomography scanning of a sandstone sample from Daqing oilfield, Longhupao, Songliao Basin, China, is used to construct the rock replica. TPLBM numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the microdisplacement of CO2 in sandstone under different injection conditions. The results show that the displacement efficiency is higher at higher injection rates and pressure differences, with a constant total volume of injected CO2. The optimal injection rate and pressure difference for CO2 displacement in sandstone are identified. The average ultimate CO2 displacement efficiency is 90.1% when the injection rate remains constant, whereas the average ultimate CO2 displacement efficiency is 95.8% when the injection pressure difference remains constant. The proposed method offers a new method for analyzing the pore-scale three fluid phase flow in sandstone.

A Novel Lattice Boltzmann Scheme with Single Extended Force Term for Electromagnetic Wave Propagating in One-Dimensional Plasma Medium

“…The LBM is a general method for describing the evolution of the particle distribution in discrete space and time [23]. The density and moments calculated based on particle distributions can precisely represent the density and velocity to be modeled [24,25]. In this study, an extended LBM equation with a forcing term for capturing conductivity characteristics is proposed.…”

“…In the last two decades, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been used as an alternative for the simulation of partial differential equations (PDEs) [23]. It has been widely used for various types of linear and non-linear PDEs, such as diffusion [24], flow [25], waves [26], quantum mechanics [27][28][29] and heat transfer [30,31]. Moreover, with advanced LBM technique, such as the immersed boundary-LBM method, LBM has also been used to determine hydrodynamic force and energy exchange problems among particle and flow [32,33].…”

Dynamic capillary pressure analysis of tight sandstone based on digital rock model

“…3D LBM method is used to simulate the rock displacement characteristics of 3D digital rock in this paper. There are four common 3D lattice Boltzmann models: D3Q15, D3Q19, D3Q24 and D3Q27, which discretize the continuous velocity direction of fluid into 15, 19, 24 and 27 velocity components in 3D, respectively (Tang et al, 2018(Tang et al, , 2019a(Tang et al, , 2019b. In order to improve the calculation accuracy, the D3Q27 model is adopted in this simulation (Fig.…”

“…The evolution of fluid particle distribution function on the grid is used to simulate the macroscopic movement law of fluids. The particle distribution function satisfies the following Boltzmann transport equation (Tang et al, 2018(Tang et al, , 2019a(Tang et al, , 2019b:…”

“…After the completion of LBM simulation, we propose a model for the calculation of dynamic capillary pressure based on the law of conservation of energy (Tang et al, 2017(Tang et al, , 2018(Tang et al, , 2019a(Tang et al, , 2019bLi et al, 2018aLi et al, , 2018b, which achieves good results in conventional porous media, and its expression is written as:…”