Porcine skin damage thresholds for pulsed nanosecond-scale laser exposure at 1064-nm

DeLisi, Michael P.; Peterson, Amanda M.; Noojin, Gary D.; Shingledecker, Aurora D.; Tijerina, Amanda J.; Boretsky, Adam; Schmidt, Morgan S.; Kumru, Semih S.; Thomas, Robert J.

doi:10.1117/12.2290093

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…On the other hand, numerous reports show that the safety limit for skin damage is set too low for this type of laser system. The damage limit reported in articles is about 0.5–1 J/cm 2 for melanosomes as the primary source of photodamage of pigmented skin [48, 49]. As far as we can see, the laser parameters used in these experiments do not harm the mouse's skin (Figure S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Effect of pulsed laser parameters on photoacoustic flow cytometry efficiency in vitro and in vivo

et al. 2023

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Photoacoustic flow cytometry is one of the most effective approaches to detect “alien” objects in the bloodstream, including circulating tumor cells, blood clots, parasites, and emboli. However, the possibility of detecting high‐amplitude signals from these objects against the background of blood depends on the parameters of the laser pulse. So, the dependencies of photoacoustic signals amplitude and number on laser pulse energy (5–150 μJ), pulse length (1, 2, 5 ns), and pulse repetition rate (2, 5, 10 kHz) for the melanoma cells were investigated. First, the PA responses of a melanoma cell suspension in vitro were measured to directly assess the efficiency of converting laser light into an acoustic signal. After it, the same dependence with the developed murine model based on constant rate melanoma cell injection into the animal blood flow was tested. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments show that signal generation efficiency increases with laser pulse energy above 15 μJ. Shorter pulses, especially 1 ns, provide more efficient signal generation as well as higher pulse rates. A higher pulse rate also provides more efficient signal generation, but also leads to overheating of the skin. The results show the limits where the photoacoustic flow cytometry system can be effectively used for the detection of circulating tumor cells in undiluted blood both for in vitro experiments and for in vivo murine models.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Such a requirement is mandatory for use in humans; however, these limits are discussed as being too low for typical nanosecond pulsed lasers. Several researchers have already shown that the actual skin damage level for long-term exposure is around 0.5-1 J/cm 2 [48,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pulsed laser parameters on photoacoustic flow cytometry efficiency in vitro and in vivo

et al. 2023

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“…The laser fluence was set to 1.5 × 10 –2 J cm –2 , i.e., below the reported threshold for skin damage under infrared nanosecond laser pulses excitation (≈0.1 J cm –2 ). [ 39 ] The fluorescence generated by the Ag 2 S NPs was collected by a set of lenses and spectrally filtered by a monochromator. The decay of the fluorescence intensity generated at 1240 ± 20 nm was finally recorded by an infrared photomultiplier connected to a digital oscilloscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable and Remote Monitoring of Absolute Temperature during Liver Inflammation via Luminescence‐Lifetime‐Based Nanothermometry

et al. 2022

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Temperature of tissues and organs is one of the first parameters affected by physiological and pathological processes, such as metabolic activity, acute trauma, or infection‐induced inflammation. Therefore, the onset and development of these processes can be detected by monitoring deviations from basal temperature. To accomplish this, minimally invasive, reliable, and accurate measurement of the absolute temperature of internal organs is required. Luminescence nanothermometry is the ideal technology for meeting these requirements. Although this technique has lately undergone remarkable developments, its reliability is being questioned due to spectral distortions caused by biological tissues. In this work, how the use of bright Ag2S nanoparticles featuring temperature‐dependent fluorescence lifetime enables reliable and accurate measurement of the absolute temperature of the liver in mice subjected to lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation is demonstrated. Beyond the remarkable thermal sensitivity (≈ 3% °C–1 around 37 °C) and thermal resolution obtained (smaller than 0.3 °C), the results included in this work set a blueprint for the development of new diagnostic procedures based on the use of intracorporeal temperature as a physiological indicator.

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“…Expansion in the array of laser technology requires safety studies based on the biological experimental data to contribute towards laser safety standards [1]. High energy lasers including 532 nm has defence, industrial and medical applications [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute exposure of 532 nm laser differentially regulates skin tissue transcription factors

et al. 2020

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High energy laser, particularly 532 nm, is widely used in defense and medical applications and there is need to address its occupational safety. Thermal and non-thermal effects of 532 nm high energy laser on skin are cause of concern. This study indicates impact of 532 nm laser on rat skin and first of its kind of attempt to understand transcriptional activation of genes as an early response following laser exposure. Skin of experimental rats were exposed to 532 nm radiance at 0.1, 0.25 and 0.50 W/cm 2 for 10 sec. Thermographic changes of skin exposed to 532 nm laser exhibited increased Tmax temperature in radiance dependent manner. After thermal imaging, skin of experimental rats was collected 1 h post laser exposure for studying differential gene expression. The skin exposed to lower power density (0.1 W/cm 2 ) did not show significant changes in expression of gene pathways studied. At moderate radiance (0.25 W/cm 2 ), predominantly canonical wnt/B-catenin pathway genes notch1, axin2, ccdn1, wnt5a and redox homeostasis genes; txn1, nqo1 and txnrd1 were expressed. At higher radiance (0.5 W/cm 2 ), significant repression of genes related to wound healing process particularly notch/wnt pathway viz. hes5, wnt1, wn3b with higher expression of dab2 was recorded. The data obtained from these studies would help in drawing safety limits for skin exposure to 532 nm laser. Further, genes expressed at moderate and high level of radiance exposure to skin were distinct and differential and provide new avenue to configure pathway to counteract laser induced delay in tissue injury and hair follicular damage. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Tulsawani R, Sharma P, Sethy NK, Kumari P, Ganju L, Prakash S, et al. (2020) Acute exposure of 532 nm laser differentially regulates skin tissue transcription factors. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0230175. https://doi.org/10.Acute exposure of 532 nm laser differentially regulates skin tissue transcription factors PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.Acute exposure of 532 nm laser differentially regulates skin tissue transcription factors PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230175 March 19, 2020 3 / 21 Fig 4. Volcano plot of genes expressed following 532 nm laser exposure at moderate irradiance of 0.25 W/cm 2 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230175.g004 PLOS ONEAcute exposure of 532 nm laser differentially regulates skin tissue transcription factors PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.

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Porcine skin damage thresholds for pulsed nanosecond-scale laser exposure at 1064-nm

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of pulsed laser parameters on photoacoustic flow cytometry efficiency in vitro and in vivo

Effect of pulsed laser parameters on photoacoustic flow cytometry efficiency in vitro and in vivo

Reliable and Remote Monitoring of Absolute Temperature during Liver Inflammation via Luminescence‐Lifetime‐Based Nanothermometry

Acute exposure of 532 nm laser differentially regulates skin tissue transcription factors

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