Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus increases SOCS3 production via activation of p38/AP-1 signaling pathway to promote viral replication

Luo, Xuegang; Chen, Xinxin; Qiao, Songlin; Li, Rui; Lu, Qingxia; Geng, Rui; Wang, Li; Zhou, En‐Min; Zhang, Gaiping

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109075

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway is well known for its important role in regulating gene expression [ 25 ]. PRRSV infection induces SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression through the AP-1 signaling pathway, and promotes immune escape [ 44 , 45 ]. Hu showed that miR-141 reduces the activity of the HBV promoter by downregulating PPARA, and thereby inhibits HBV replication [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide Efficiently Suppresses Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Deltacoronavirus Replication

Zhang

Pan

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), members of the genus Coronavirus, mainly cause acute diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration in piglets, and thus lead to serious economic losses. In this study, we investigated the effects of nicotinamide (NAM) on PEDV and PDCoV replication and found that NAM treatment significantly inhibited PEDV and PDCoV reproduction. Moreover, NAM plays an important role in replication processes. NAM primarily inhibited PEDV and PDCoV RNA and protein synthesis rather than other processes. Furthermore, we discovered that NAM treatment likely inhibits the replication of PEDV and PDCoV by downregulating the expression of transcription factors through activation of the ERK1/2/MAPK pathway. Overall, this study is the first to suggest that NAM might be not only an important antiviral factor for swine intestinal coronavirus, but also a potential candidate to be evaluated in the context of other human and animal coronaviruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide Efficiently Suppresses Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Deltacoronavirus Replication

Zhang

Pan

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…Intracellular suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are crucial intracellular regulators of innate and adaptive immunity; they are involved in the negative regulation of the JAK/STAT and TLR signaling cascades, DC activation, T-cell differentiation, and Th-cell regulation. Our lab found that PRRSV induces SOCS1 and SOCS3 production in PAMs, monkey-derived Marc-145 cells, and porcine-derived CRL2843-CD163 cells (Luo et al, 2020(Luo et al, , 2021. SOCS1 is produced via the p38/AP-1 and JNK/AP-1 signaling pathways rather than via the classical type I IFN signaling pathways and it inhibits the expressions of IFN-β and ISGs, thereby markedly enhancing the level of PRRSV replication (Luo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Activation Of Immunosuppressive Regulatory Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evasion strategies of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Chen

Qiao

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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During the co-evolution of viruses and their hosts, viruses have developed various strategies for overcoming host immunological defenses so that they can proliferate efficiently. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a significant virus to the swine industry across the world, typically establishes prolonged infection via diverse and complicated mechanisms, which is one of the biggest obstacles for controlling the associated disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). In this review, we summarize the latest research on how PRRSV circumvents host antiviral responses from both the innate and adaptive immune systems and how this virus utilizes other evasion mechanisms, such as the manipulation of host apoptosis and microRNA. A thorough understanding of the exact mechanisms of PRRSV immune evasion will help with the development of novel antiviral strategies against PRRSV.

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“…Consistent with this, SOCS1 ablated cells and SOCS1−/− mice are resistant to viral infection ( 286 ; 275 ). Similarly, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (major threaten to global swine industry) increases SOCS3 production via activation of p38/AP-1 signaling pathway to promote viral replication and persistent infection ( 287 ).To obtain a favorable outcome for viral infections, avoiding the installation of an inflammatory pathology with eventual fatal evolution, the host must have strict control of its expression ( 288 , 289 ). For this, the innate immune system recognizes molecules that identify many pathogens associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damaged associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and initiates a rapid response producing inflammatory mediators that activate programmed cell death pathways including pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis with significant crosstalk among them ( 290 – 292 ).…”

Section: Avoidance Resistance and Tolerance To Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes, inflammatory response, tolerance, and resistance to virus infections in migratory birds, bats, and rodents

Pereira,

Diniz,

da Costa

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Normally, the host immunological response to viral infection is coordinated to restore homeostasis and protect the individual from possible tissue damage. The two major approaches are adopted by the host to deal with the pathogen: resistance or tolerance. The nature of the responses often differs between species and between individuals of the same species. Resistance includes innate and adaptive immune responses to control virus replication. Disease tolerance relies on the immune response allowing the coexistence of infections in the host with minimal or no clinical signs, while maintaining sufficient viral replication for transmission. Here, we compared the virome of bats, rodents and migratory birds and the molecular mechanisms underlying symptomatic and asymptomatic disease progression. We also explore the influence of the host physiology and environmental influences on RNA virus expression and how it impacts on the whole brain transcriptome of seemingly healthy semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) and spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularius). Three time points throughout the year were selected to understand the importance of longitudinal surveys in the characterization of the virome. We finally revisited evidence that upstream and downstream regulation of the inflammatory response is, respectively, associated with resistance and tolerance to viral infections.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus increases SOCS3 production via activation of p38/AP-1 signaling pathway to promote viral replication

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Nicotinamide Efficiently Suppresses Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Deltacoronavirus Replication

Nicotinamide Efficiently Suppresses Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Deltacoronavirus Replication

Evasion strategies of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Genes, inflammatory response, tolerance, and resistance to virus infections in migratory birds, bats, and rodents

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