Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection: Inhibition by polysaccharide from Ginkgo biloba exocarp and mode of its action

Lee, Jung‐Hee; Park, Jang-Soon; Lee, Seung-Woong; Hwang, Seock-Yeon; Young, Bae-Eun; Choi, Hwa-Jung

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2014.09.013

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Vaccination is a fundamental strategy for controlling and eradicating PED during epidemic or endemic outbreaks, but the efficacy is limited (Baek et al, 2016;Shen et al, 2015). Until now there is no recorded clinically effective antiviral chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of disease caused by PEDV, even several compounds were demonstrated having antiviral activity in PEDV-infected Vero cells (Deejai et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2015;Lee et al, 2015;Kwon et al, 2013;Choi et al, 2009). So it is important to develop an effective strategy against PEDV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro

Gao

et al. 2018

Research in Veterinary Science

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality rates in neonatal piglets. Severe outbreaks of PEDV variants have re-emerged in Asia and North America since 2010, causing tremendous economic losses to the swine industry. The lack of effective therapeutic treatment promotes the research for new antivirals. Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been reported as a potential antiviral drug for certain viruses. In this study, the antiviral effect of LiCl on PEDV in Vero cells was evaluated. Real-time quantitative PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assay indicated that LiCl effectively inhibited the entry and replication of PEDV in Vero cells. The expression of viral RNA and protein of PEDV in Vero cells was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by LiCl. Moreover, addition of LiCl inhibited both early and late cell apoptosis induced by PEDV. Our data implied that LiCl could be a potential antiviral drug against PEDV infection. Further studies are required to explore the antiviral effect of lithium chloride on PEDV infection in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro

Gao

et al. 2018

Research in Veterinary Science

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“…Because the efficacy of PEDV vaccines is not good enough to prevent PEDV infection, it has been a research focus to search for safe, inexpensive and effective measures to prevent or treat PED. Accordingly, a variety of studies including the present one have been conducted in Europe, Asia, and America to find antiviral agents in medicinal herbs as a means of alternative medicine [ 6 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal herb extracts ameliorate impaired growth performance and intestinal lesion of newborn piglets challenged with the virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

et al. 2015

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The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of a combined use of extracts of medicinal herbs Taraxaumi mongolicum, Viola yedoensis Makino, Rhizoma coptidis, and Radix isatidis (MYCI) on porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). Twenty-two 3-day-old piglets received an oral challenge with 3 × 103.5 TCID50 of the virulent PED virus (PEDV) in PBS or PBS only and daily oral administration of 60 mg of the MYCI mixture suspended in milk replacer or the vehicle for 7 days in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Average daily gain (ADG) increased (p < 0.05) in response to the MYCI treatment in the PEDV-challenged piglets (−18 vs. 7 g for the vehicle- vs. MYCI-administered group), but not in unchallenged animals (27 vs. 28 g). Diarrhea score and fecal PEDV shedding, however, were not influenced by the MYCI treatment. The PEDV challenge caused severe intestinal villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, both of which were alleviated by administration of the MYCI mixture as indicated by an increase in the villus height and a decrease in the crypt depth due to the treatment. Overall, medicinal herb extracts used in this study ameliorated impaired growth performance and intestinal lesion of newborn piglets challenged with the virulent PEDV. Therefore, our results suggest that the MYCI mixture could be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent against PED.

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“…In vitro and in small animal models, however, RBV in combination with IFN has been shown to inhibit MERS-CoV infection (Chan et al, 2015;Falzarano et al, 2013a;Falzarano et al, 2013b). The inhibition of CoV replication in cell culture by RBV alone has been investigated repeatedly for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and other CoVs (FCoV, PEDV) and was found to be highly variable (Chen et al, 2004;Chu et al, 2004;Cinatl et al, 2003;Hart et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2015;Morgenstern et al, 2005;Stroher et al, 2004;Tan et al, 2004;Weiss and Oostrom-Ram, 1989). The results of these cell culture-based studies need to be interpreted with caution as the uptake of RBV by several cell lines, including the frequently used African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells, is known to be inefficient (Ibarra and Pfeiffer, 2009;Shah et al, 2010).…”

Section: Inhibitors Of Nidovirus Rna Polymerase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nidovirus RNA polymerases: Complex enzymes handling exceptional RNA genomes

2017

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Coronaviruses and arteriviruses are distantly related human and animal pathogens that belong to the order Nidovirales. Nidoviruses are characterized by their polycistronic plus-stranded RNA genome, the production of subgenomic mRNAs and the conservation of a specific array of replicase domains, including key RNA-synthesizing enzymes. Coronaviruses (26-34 kilobases) have the largest known RNA genomes and their replication presumably requires a processive RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and enzymatic functions that suppress the consequences of the typically high error rate of viral RdRps. The arteriviruses have significantly smaller genomes and form an intriguing package with the coronaviruses to analyse viral RdRp evolution and function. The RdRp domain of nidoviruses resides in a cleavage product of the replicase polyprotein named non-structural protein (nsp) 12 in coronaviruses and nsp9 in arteriviruses. In all nidoviruses, the C-terminal RdRp domain is linked to a conserved N-terminal domain, which has been coined NiRAN (nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase). Although no structural information is available, the functional characterization of the nidovirus RdRp and the larger enzyme complex of which it is part, has progressed significantly over the past decade. In coronaviruses several smaller, non-enzymatic nsps were characterized that direct RdRp function, while a 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease activity in nsp14 was implicated in fidelity. In arteriviruses, the nsp1 subunit was found to maintain the balance between genome replication and subgenomic mRNA production. Understanding RdRp behaviour and interactions during RNA synthesis and subsequent processing will be key to rationalising the evolutionary success of nidoviruses and the development of antiviral strategies.

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection: Inhibition by polysaccharide from Ginkgo biloba exocarp and mode of its action

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro

Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro

Medicinal herb extracts ameliorate impaired growth performance and intestinal lesion of newborn piglets challenged with the virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Nidovirus RNA polymerases: Complex enzymes handling exceptional RNA genomes

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