Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro

Li, Hong jie; Gao, Dong sheng; Li, Yong Tao; Wang, Yong sheng; Liu, Hong ying; Zhao, Jingpeng

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.03.002

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This raised the possibility that lithium could possess meaningful in vivo activity against RNA viruses. More recent research suggests that lithium has at least in vitro activity against several coronaviruses, including both gastrointestinal and respiratory pathogens (Harrison, Tarpey, Rothwell, Kaiser, & Hiscox, 2007; Li et al, 2018; Ren et al, 2011). A recent review (Nowak & Walkowiak, 2020) examined these studies critically and concluded that lithium, either alone or in combination with chloroquine, merited further investigation as a treatment for SARS‐CoV‐2.…”

Section: Action Mechanism Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium as a candidate treatment for COVID‐19: Promises and pitfalls

Rajkumar

2020

Drug Development Research

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The pandemic of respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS‐nCoV‐2) is a global health crisis. Despite numerous preliminary results, there is as yet no treatment of proven efficacy for this condition. In this context, the pharmacological properties of lithium, better known as a treatment for mood disorders, merit closer examination. Lithium has shown in vitro efficacy at inhibiting the replication of coronaviruses responsible for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in animals. It has immunomodulatory properties that may be of additional benefit in moderating the host inflammatory response to the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2). Furthermore, there is evidence that lithium may exert a protective action against upper respiratory infections and influenza‐like illnesses in patients taking it for other indications. These promising reports must be balanced against the narrow therapeutic index and high risk of toxicity associated with lithium therapy, its documented interactions with several commonly used drugs, and the absence of evidence of its efficacy against coronaviruses responsible for human disease. Nevertheless, naturalistic studies of the risk of COVID‐19 in patients already receiving lithium could provide indirect evidence of its efficacy, and understanding the putative antiviral and immune‐regulatory mechanisms of lithium in models of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may provide leads for the development of safer and more effective treatments with a specific action against COVID‐19.

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Section: Action Mechanism Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium as a candidate treatment for COVID‐19: Promises and pitfalls

Rajkumar

2020

Drug Development Research

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“…In Vero cells, lithium chloride (investigated at 1-15 mM) was shown to be dose-dependently effective in suppressing infection with the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the Coronaviridae family 1 . Not only PEDV entry and replication were inhibited in the presence of LiCl, but apoptosis as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium and coronaviral infections. A scoping review.

Nowak

Walkowiak²

2020

F1000Res

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The current rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) calls for a rapid response from the research community. Lithium is widely used to treat bipolar disorder, but has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity. This brief review took a systematic approach to identify six in vitro studies reporting on the influence of lithium on coronaviral infections. We propose mechanistic investigation of the influence of lithium – alone and with chloroquine – on the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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“…In Vero cells, lithium chloride was shown to be effective in suppressing infection with the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the Coronaviridae family 1 . Not only PEDV entry and replication were inhibited in the presence of LiCl, but apoptosis as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is lithium a potential treatment for the novel Wuhan (2019-nCoV) coronavirus? A scoping review

Nowak

Walkowiak

2020

F1000Res

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The current rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating from Wuhan, China, calls for a rapid response from the research community. Lithium is widely used to treat bipolar disorder, but has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity. This brief review took a systematic approach to identify five studies reporting on the influence of lithium in vitro on coronaviral infections. We propose that in the case of urgent need, lithium be explored as a potential treatment or prophylaxis for the novel Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV). PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 2. Cui J, Xie J, Gao M, et al.: Inhibitory effects of lithium chloride on replication of type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro. Antivir Ther. 2015; 20(6): 565-72. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 3. Ren X, Meng F, Yin J, et al.: Action mechanisms of lithium chloride on cell infection by transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. PLoS One. 2011; 6(5): e18669. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 4. Li J, Yin J, Sui X, et al.: Comparative analysis of the effect of glycyrrhizin diammonium and lithium chloride on infectious bronchitis virus infection in vitro. Avian Pathol. 2009; 38(3): 215-21. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 5. Harrison SM, Tarpey I, Rothwell L, et al.: Lithium chloride inhibits the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. Avian Pathol. 2007; 36(2): 109-14. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 6. Zaheer A, Knight S, Zaheer A, et al.: Glia maturation factor overexpression in neuroblastoma cells activates glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and caspase-3.Brain Res. 2008; 1190: 206-14. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 7. Choi SE, Kang Y, Jang HJ, et al.: Involvement of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in palmitate-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis. J Vasc Res. 2007; 44(5): 365-74. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 8. Kong N, Wu Y, Meng Q, et al.: Suppression of Virulent Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Proliferation by the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3α/β Pathway. PLoS One. 2016; 11(8): e0161508. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 9. Wu CH, Chen PJ, Yeh SH: Nucleocapsid phosphorylation and RNA helicase DDX1 recruitment enables coronavirus transition from discontinuous to continuous transcription. Cell Host Microbe. 2014; 16(4): 462-72. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 10. Rybakowski JK: Challenging the Negative Perception of Lithium and Optimizing Its Long-Term Administration. Front Mol Neurosci. 2018; 11: 349. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 11. Nowak JK, Walkowiak J: PRISMA Scoping Review checklist for Nowak and Walkowiak 2020. Zenodo. 2020.The authors identified five previous studies reporting an effect of lithium (mostly LiCl) in corona virus in cellular systems. This is obviously a very timely question. All studies point toward beneficial effects of lithium and thus underscore the possible beneficial effect of targeting lithium sensitive biochemical pathways, namely GSK3 mediated s...

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Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Lithium as a candidate treatment for COVID‐19: Promises and pitfalls

Lithium as a candidate treatment for COVID‐19: Promises and pitfalls

Lithium and coronaviral infections. A scoping review.

Is lithium a potential treatment for the novel Wuhan (2019-nCoV) coronavirus? A scoping review

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