Porcine ear skin: an <i>in vitro</i> model for human skin

Jacobi, U.; Kaiser, Marco; Toll, R.; Mangelsdorf, Susanne; Audring, Heike; Otberg, Nina; Sterry, Wolfram; Lademann, Juergen

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2006.00179.x

Cited by 456 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In previous years our groups was able to establish an excellent correlation regarding the amount of hair follicles available, as well as the quantitative follicular uptake of nanoparticles between pig ear tissue in vitro and human forearm skin in vivo [29]. However, it is noteworthy that the amount of terminal hairs available for this type of therapy on the average human scalp is much higher than what is seen on porcine ear skin (124-200 hairs per cm 2 on human occipital scalp vs. 11-25 cm 2 on porcine ear skin) [43][44][45]. Therefore, an even higher follicular recovery and potential for a depot effect on the scalp is to be expected in vivo, only further corroborating the potential of this type of application for the above mentioned conditions.…”

Section: Potential Of Nanocarriers From a Clinical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocarriers for optimizing the balance between interfollicular permeation and follicular uptake of topically applied clobetasol to minimize adverse effects

Mathes

Melero

Conrad

et al. 2016

Journal of Controlled Release

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The treatment of various hair disorders has become a central focus of good dermatologic patient care as it affects men and women all over the world. For many inflammatory-based scalp diseases, glucocorticoids are an essential part of treatment, even though they are known to cause systemic as well as local adverse effects when applied topically. Therefore, efficient targeting and avoidance of these side effects are of utmost importance. Optimizing the balance between drug release, interfollicular permeation, and follicular uptake may allow minimizing these adverse events and simultaneously improve drug delivery, given that one succeeds in targeting a sustained release formulation to the hair follicle. To test this hypothesis, three types of polymeric nanocarriers (nanospheres, nanocapsules, lipid-core nanocapsules) for the potent glucocorticoid Clobetasol propionate (CP) were prepared. They all exhibited a sustained release of drug, as was desired. The particles were formulated as a dispersion and hydrogel and (partially) labeled with Rhodamin B for quantification purposes. Follicular uptake was investigated using the Differential Stripping method and was found highest for nanocapsules in dispersion after application of massage. Moreover, the active ingredient (CP) as well as the nanocarrier (Rhodamin B labeled polymer) recovered in the hair follicle were measured simultaneously, revealing an equivalent uptake of both. In contrast, only negligible amounts of CP could be detected in the hair follicle when applied as free drug in solution or hydrogel, regardless of any massage. Skin permeation experiments using heat-separated human epidermis mounted in Franz Diffusion cells revealed equivalent reduced transdermal permeability for all nanocarriers in comparison to application of the free drug. Combining these results, nanocapsules formulated as an aqueous dispersion and applied by massage appeared to be a good candidate to maximize follicular targeting and minimize drug penetration into the interfollicular epidermis. We conclude that such nanotechnology-based formulations provide a viable strategy for more efficient -2-drug delivery to the hair follicle. Moreover, they present a way to minimize adverse effects of potent glucocorticoids by releasing the drug in a controlled manner and simultaneously decreasing interfollicular permeation, offering an advantage over conventional formulations for inflammatorybased skin/scalp diseases. Graphical Abstract AbbreviationsAA: Alopecia areata ANOVA: Analysis of variance CCT: capric/caprylic triglyceride CP: Clobetasol propionate

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Section: Potential Of Nanocarriers From a Clinical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocarriers for optimizing the balance between interfollicular permeation and follicular uptake of topically applied clobetasol to minimize adverse effects

Mathes

Melero

Conrad

et al. 2016

Journal of Controlled Release

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“…It was previously shown that pig ear skin is a suitable model for human skin in penetration studies [19,20]. Each ear was washed and shaved under cold water and wiped dry with soft tissue.…”

Section: Measurements On Pig Ear Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of detection distance‐dependent reflectance spectroscopy for the determination of the sun protection factor using pig ear skin

Reble

Gersonde

Schanzer

et al. 2017

Journal of Biophotonics

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Determination of sun protection factors (SPFs) is currently an invasive method, which is based on erythema formation (phototest). Here we describe an optical setup and measurement methodology for the determination of SPFs based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, which measures UV-reflectance spectra at 4 distances from the point of illumination. Due to a high spatial variation of the reflectance data, most likely due to inhomogeneities of the sunscreen distribution, data of 50 measurement positions are averaged. A dependence of the measured SPF on detection distance is significant for 3 sunscreens, while being inconclusive for 2 sunscreens due to high inter-sample variations. Using pig ear skin samples (n = 6), the obtained SPF of 5 different commercial sunscreens corresponds to the SPF values of certified test institutes in 3 cases and is lower for 2 sunscreens of the same manufacturer, suggesting a formulation specific reason for the discrepancy. The results demonstrate that the measurement can be performed with a UV dose below the minimal erythema dose. We conclude the method may be considered as a potential noninvasive in vivo alternative to the invasive in vivo phototest, but further tests on different sunscreen formulations are still necessary.

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“…The SC thickness of three skin models had been measured, the SC thickness of pig abdominal skin, pig ear skin and hairless mouse skin were approximately 25, 23 and 14 mm, respectively, which was corresponding to the data reported in the references. Studies examining thickness of various skin layers of pigs have shown that the SC thickness of pig abdominal skin was 21-26 mm which was comparable to pig ear skin (17-28 mm) (Jacobi et al, 2007). The SC thickness of pig skin was comparable with human skin (about 30 mm verified by various studies), while the SC thickness of hairless mouse skin was only half of human.…”

Section: The Role Of Sc On Percutaneous Penetration Of Mtzmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Histological and biochemical properties of porcine skin have been repeatedly shown to be similar to human skin. The thickness of viable skin layers, numbers of hairs, the vascular anatomy and collagen fiber arrangement in the dermis, as well as the contents of SC glycosphingolipids and ceramides were similar in man and in the domestic pig (Wester & Maibach, 1989;Simon & Maibach, 2000;Jacobi et al, 2007). Due to its availability, skin of rodents was the most commonly used in in vitro and in vivo percutaneous permeation studies (Godin & Touitou, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical skin targeting effect of penetration modifiers on hairless mouse skin, pig abdominal skin and pig ear skin

Guo

Liu

et al. 2013

Drug Delivery

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Objective: This study was to investigate the topical skin targeting effects and mechanism of combination penetration modifiers of 1,2-hexanediol (or 1,2-heptanediol) and 1,4-cyclohexanediol on transdermal absorption of metronidazole (MTZ) in different skin models. Methods: Six formulations were applied to pig abdominal skin and pig ear skin models, respectively, and the results were compared with the previous data on hairless mouse skin worked out by our laboratory. Four parameters (flux, T lag , Q 24 and targeting ratio) were used to evaluate permeability and targeting effect in skin. Results: The combined penetration modifiers played a general role on decreasing permeability without reducing skin retention. The most significant skin permeability decrement to MTZ was pig abdominal skin (permeability decrement was $20% for hairless mouse skin, 60% for pig abdominal skin and 40% for pig ear skin, respectively) while the strongest skin targeting effect appeared in hairless mouse skin (targeting ratios were 1.79 for hairless mouse skin, 1.24 for pig abdominal skin and 1.05 for pig ear skin, respectively) under the role of penetration modifiers. Conclusions: Thickness of stratum corneum (SC) was the major factor impact on skin targeting effect. Selection criteria of skin models also have been discussed in this study.

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Porcine ear skin: an in vitro model for human skin

Abstract: The results obtained are similar to those of human skin, indicating the suitability of this porcine tissue as a model for human skin.

Cited by 456 publications

References 23 publications

Nanocarriers for optimizing the balance between interfollicular permeation and follicular uptake of topically applied clobetasol to minimize adverse effects

Nanocarriers for optimizing the balance between interfollicular permeation and follicular uptake of topically applied clobetasol to minimize adverse effects

Evaluation of detection distance‐dependent reflectance spectroscopy for the determination of the sun protection factor using pig ear skin

Topical skin targeting effect of penetration modifiers on hairless mouse skin, pig abdominal skin and pig ear skin

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