Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Porcine Circovirus‐Associated Disease

Abstract

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) belongs to the viral family Circoviridae and to the genus Circovirus. Circoviruses are small, single-stranded nonenveloped DNA viruses that have an unsegmented circular genome. PCV2 is the primary causative agent of several syndromes collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). Many of the syndromes associated with PCVAD are a result of coinfection with PCV2 virus and other agents such as Mycoplasma and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. PCV2 infection is present in every major swine-producing country in the world, and the number of identified cases of PCVAD is rapidly increasing. In the United States, the disease has cost producers an average of 3-4 dollars per pig with peak losses ranging up to 20 dollars per pig. The importance of this disease has stimulated investigations aimed at identifying risk factors associated with infection and minimizing these risks through modified management practices and development of vaccination strategies. This paper provides an overview of current knowledge relating to PCV2 and PCVAD with an emphasis on information relevant to the swine veterinarian.

Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Viral Replication by In Situ Hybridization in Primary Lymphoid Organs From Naturally and Experimentally Infected Pigs

“…However, the AFM score was higher (P < .0001) in the PMWS-affected animals compared with the control animals, which is consistent with the fact that reduced weight gain and wasting are some of the general clinical signs of PMWS. 15 To our knowledge, serous fat atrophy of bone marrow has not been described before in relation to PMWS. In the bone marrow samples, the CP-and RFP-positive cells were often detected in lymphoid nodules, 40 which are clusters of histiocytes, B lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes, and can be seen in relation to chronic inflammation and viral infections.…”

Pathological and Immunopathological Studies on Naturally Infected Cases of Porcine Circovirus-2 in Kerala

“…PCV-2 affects various age groups of animals and produces lesions in various organs resulting in conditions like pneumonia, enteritis, dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome which collectively contribute to Porcine Circoviral Associated Diseases (PCVAD) as reported by Gillespie et al (2009). The infection in piglets of growing age is of major concern as these animals succumb to the infection after weaning.…”

Analysis of Results of Serology Monitoring of Circovirus Infection in Swine in Ukraine for the Period 2013–2015

“…Діагноз на ЦВІС може бути усклад-нений через невизначені клінічні ознаки, але доступними на сьогодні є діагностичні лабо-раторні тести [2]. Останні охоплюють: імуно-пероксидазний тест, метод прямої імунофлю-оресценції, імуноферментний аналіз (ІФА), полімеразну ланцюгову реакцію (ПЛР) для індикації та ідентифікації вірусу [8].…”