Porcine Cartilage Model for Simulation of Nasal Tip Aesthetics and Mechanics

Abstract

Background The aesthetics of the human nose is highly dependent on the complex structure of the lower lateral cartilages (LLC). Understanding optimum shape and mechanical properties of the LLC is pivotal to achieving satisfactory results in nasal tip rhinoplasty. Objective The authors introduce an ex vivo animal model to replicate the shape and mechanics of human nasal LLC as a tool for research and surgical education. Methods Seven fresh pig heads were obtained from a local butcher shop. Nasal cartilage was harvested in a replicable manner and fashioned into appropriate shapes and dimensions based on the authors' human cadaver studies. Sutures were placed to approximate the cartilage pairs into appropriate human anatomical position. Results The porcine cartilage model replicated analogous structures, including the medial crura and the lateral crura, with appropriate cephalic orientation and domal angles. The anterior-posterior dimensions of the medial crura, intermediate crura, and lateral crura were 4 mm, 6 mm, and 10 mm, respectively. Cartilage thickness was approximately 1 mm throughout the specimen. Cephalic orientation of the lateral crura was sculpted to 45°. The average angle of divergence was 54° and varied according to the physiological shape of the porcine nasal vault (range, 43-74°). Average interdomal distance was 13.3 mm (range, 9-18 mm), and average domal width was 6.2 mm (range, 5-7 mm). Conclusions This novel porcine model mimics human LLC and is inexpensive, easy to construct, and highly replicable. This model can be used as a valuable educational resource for training novice surgeons in the principles of nasal tip rhinoplasty. Additionally, our construct has broad applications in studying LLC geometry and mechanics.

Optimal Electromechanical Reshaping of the Auricular Ear and Long-term Outcomes in an In Vivo Rabbit Model

“…For the limited data we have, the extent of tissue injury very clearly mirrors that observed in the previous in vivo studies in rabbits 23,27 and in numerous investigations performed on ex vivo cartilage tissues. 18,22,26,28 …”

Toward tissue-engineering of nasal cartilages

“…Porcine models have been investigated in vitro due to the availability of porcine septum at a low cost [125]. While the porcine model shows promise in terms of the dimensions of the LLC [128], its septum exhibits different cellularity and form factor than the human septum [93,125]. Additionally, the porcine septum, like the rabbit, is protected by large thick nasal bones which may impede surgical access [125].…”

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