Population Structure and Genetic Variability of Angus and Nellore Herds

Falleiro, Vanius; Malhado, Carlos Henrıque Mendes; Malhado, Ana C. M.; Carneiro, Paulo Luız Souza; Carrillo, José A.; Song, Jiuzhou

doi:10.5539/jas.v6n12p276

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Gutiérrez et al [36] and Cañas-Álvarez et al [37] analyzed Spanish local beef breeds; their average GI in years was smaller (from 3.75 in Sayaguesa to 7.83 in Morucha) than those found in our study. The GI values of LIM and CHA were comparable to other commercial breeds like Angus and Nellore [39]. For PON, MUP, and SAR our analysis showed the longest GI of the sire–offspring pathways compared with the dam–offspring pathways (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Italian Beef Breeds as a Tool for Planning Conservation and Selection Strategies

Fabbri

Rezende²,

Dadousis

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple SummaryThe recent alarming reports on global climate change and the challenges facing the agricultural sector to meet the increase in meat consumption, impose research in biodiversity. An important genetic pool of local breeds might play a crucial role in the near future to address these challenges. Although Italy is considered as one of the richest countries in biodiversity, there are autochthonous cattle breeds under extinction. To safeguard biodiversity and increase genetic diversity within breeds, appropriate management tools must be developed. To achieve this, precise knowledge of the population structure and genetic diversity per breed are required. This study analyzed pedigree data of six local beef breeds: Calvana, Mucca Pisana, and Pontremolese (from the region of Tuscany), all under extinction, and Sarda, Sardo Bruna, and Sardo Modicana, from the island of Sardinia, that are larger in number but of lower productivity. In addition, the study investigated the population structure of the cosmopolitan beef breeds, Charolais and Limousine, reared in the same regions and undergoing selection. The high mating percentage between relatives for Mucca Pisana and Calvana is an alarming situation for these breeds. The population structure of the Sardinian breeds suggests the application of breeding programs.AbstractThe aim was to investigate the population structure of eight beef breeds: three local Tuscan breeds under extinction, Calvana (CAL), Mucca Pisana (MUP), and Pontremolese (PON); three local unselected breeds reared in Sardinia, Sarda (SAR), Sardo Bruna (SAB), and Sardo Modicana (SAM); and two cosmopolitan breeds, Charolais (CHA) and Limousine (LIM), reared in the same regions. An effective population size ranges between 14.62 (PON) to 39.79 (SAM) in local breeds, 90.29 for CHA, and 135.65 for LIM. The average inbreeding coefficients were higher in Tuscan breeds (7.25%, 5.10%, and 3.64% for MUP, CAL, and PON, respectively) compared to the Sardinian breeds (1.23%, 1.66%, and 1.90% in SAB, SAM, and SAR, respectively), while for CHA and LIM they were <1%. The highest rates of mating between half-siblings were observed for CAL and MUP (~9% and 6.5%, respectively), while the highest rate of parent–offspring mating was ~8% for MUP. Our findings describe the urgent situation of the three Tuscan breeds and support the application of conservation measures and/or the development of breeding programs. Development of breeding strategies is suggested for the Sardinian breeds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Italian Beef Breeds as a Tool for Planning Conservation and Selection Strategies

Fabbri

Rezende²,

Dadousis

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…Estimates for Jerseys range from 73 [34] to 135 [33]. For Angus, the N e estimates vary from 26 [36] to 207 [37]. For various breeds of pigs, estimates can be as small as 55 [38] to as large as 113 [39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensionality of genomic information and performance of the Algorithm for Proven and Young for different livestock species

et al. 2016

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BackgroundA genomic relationship matrix (GRM) can be inverted efficiently with the Algorithm for Proven and Young (APY) through recursion on a small number of core animals. The number of core animals is theoretically linked to effective population size (N e). In a simulation study, the optimal number of core animals was equal to the number of largest eigenvalues of GRM that explained 98% of its variation. The purpose of this study was to find the optimal number of core animals and estimate N e for different species.MethodsDatasets included phenotypes, pedigrees, and genotypes for populations of Holstein, Jersey, and Angus cattle, pigs, and broiler chickens. The number of genotyped animals varied from 15,000 for broiler chickens to 77,000 for Holsteins, and the number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms used for genomic prediction varied from 37,000 to 61,000. Eigenvalue decomposition of the GRM for each population determined numbers of largest eigenvalues corresponding to 90, 95, 98, and 99% of variation.ResultsThe number of eigenvalues corresponding to 90% (98%) of variation was 4527 (14,026) for Holstein, 3325 (11,500) for Jersey, 3654 (10,605) for Angus, 1239 (4103) for pig, and 1655 (4171) for broiler chicken. Each trait in each species was analyzed using the APY inverse of the GRM with randomly selected core animals, and their number was equal to the number of largest eigenvalues. Realized accuracies peaked with the number of core animals corresponding to 98% of variation for Holstein and Jersey and closer to 99% for other breed/species. N e was estimated based on comparisons of eigenvalue decomposition in a simulation study. Assuming a genome length of 30 Morgan, N e was equal to 149 for Holsteins, 101 for Jerseys, 113 for Angus, 32 for pigs, and 44 for broilers.ConclusionsEigenvalue profiles of GRM for common species are similar to those in simulation studies although they are affected by number of genotyped animals and genotyping quality. For all investigated species, the APY required less than 15,000 core animals. Realized accuracies were equal or greater with the APY inverse than with regular inversion. Eigenvalue analysis of GRM can provide a realistic estimate of N e.

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“…Por isso, o controle de acasalamento e a migração de genótipos diferentes, são ferramentas auxiliares na seleção com o objetivo de melhorar geneticamente os animais. De acordo com Falleiro et al (2014) é possível manter a variabilidade genética do rebanho com níveis médios de endogamia em rebanhos com grande intensidade de seleção, mesmo apresentando uma população pequena.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeito da endogamia sobre pesos pré-desmame em bovinos da raça Nelore mocho criados a pasto no bioma Cerrado

Lopes

Magnabosco²,

Souza

et al. 2016

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Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar a tendência genética direta e maternal e estudar os efeitos da endogamia sobre pesos padronizados aos 120 (P120) e 210 (P210) dias de idade, em bovinos da raça Nelore pertencentes ao rebanho da Embrapa Cerrados. Os dados foram coletados no período de 1990 a 2010. Os valores genéticos foram preditos por soluções de equações de modelo animal. O coeficiente de endogamia foi calculado por meio do aplicativo MTDFREML. A matriz de parentesco incluiu 23 513 animais, cuja estimativa média e máxima de endogamia foi 2,17 e 14,10 %, respectivamente. Porém, a média da endogamia do rebanho pode ser considerada baixa, quando comparada à de outros estudos. Os resultados indicaram que a endogamia direta provocou redução no mérito genético individual para os pesos padronizados aos 120 e 210 dias de idade, possivelmente, devido à redução na variância genética aditiva.

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Population Structure and Genetic Variability of Angus and Nellore Herds

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Italian Beef Breeds as a Tool for Planning Conservation and Selection Strategies

Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Italian Beef Breeds as a Tool for Planning Conservation and Selection Strategies

Dimensionality of genomic information and performance of the Algorithm for Proven and Young for different livestock species

Efeito da endogamia sobre pesos pré-desmame em bovinos da raça Nelore mocho criados a pasto no bioma Cerrado

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