Population status of the Bornean orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus) in the Sebangau peat swamp forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Morrogh‐Bernard, Helen C.; Husson, Simon J.; Page, Susan; Rieley, J. O.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(02)00186-6

Cited by 183 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Sabangau is the largest contiguous lowland rainforest remaining in Kalimantan and is recognised as one of the most important conservation areas in Borneo, for a variety of reasons including carbon storage, regulation of water supplies and conservation of flora and fauna (Aldhous 2004). The area has been subjected to long-term legal logging, illegal logging, fire and drainage from logging canals, but is now the focus of concerted protection and restoration efforts (Morrogh-Bernard et al 2003, Cheyne 2010.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

First estimates of population ecology and threats to Sunda clouded leopards Neofelis diardi in a peat-swamp forest, Indonesia

Cheyne¹,

Stark²,

Limin³

et al. 2013

Endang. Species. Res.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

First estimates of population ecology and threats to Sunda clouded leopards Neofelis diardi in a peat-swamp forest, Indonesia

Cheyne¹,

Stark²,

Limin³

et al. 2013

Endang. Species. Res.

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“…Apart from its carbon sequestration potential, peatland also serves as a specific habitat for endemic and unique flora and fauna, many species of which are classified as endangered and protected, such as the Sumatran tiger and Orangutan (Morrogh-Bernard et al, 2003;Posa et al, 2011;Sunarto et al, 2012). Finally, peatland and peat swamp forest offer direct and indirect economic benefits to the local people, providing their livelihoods as well as other social-cultural functions (Silvius & Diemont, 2007;.…”

Section: 1! Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This carbon-rich resource contains as much as 65% (57 G t C) of the world's peat carbon and 7% of the 861 G t C of global forest-based carbon stocks, as estimated in 2007 (Pan et al, 2013). Besides being an important as carbon pool, the peatland also supports high biodiversity including endemic and rare species with high conservation value such as the Orangutan and Sumatran tiger (Morrogh-Bernard et al, 2003;Posa et al, 2011;Sunarto et al, 2012). It also provides livelihoods for thousands of local people (Anshari et al, 2005;Noor et al, 2007;Silvius & Diemont, 2007;Suyanto et al, 2009).…”

Section: 1! Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the restoration efforts of degraded peatland in central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Dohong¹

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Indonesia's tropical peatlands are an ecosystem of global significance. They contain immense stores of carbon and play a key role in regional and global climate systems. They provide habitat for iconic species such as the orangutan and Sumatran tiger, and they sustain the livelihoods of thousands of local people. Despite these values, Indonesia's peatland ecosystems have been subject to extensive deforestation and degradation during the past two decades. Recurrent peatland fires related to these land use activities have caused smoke pollution across the region, resulting in substantial public health issues and political controversy. More than 50% of the nation's 21 Mha of peatland can be considered as degraded. There is an urgent need to slow the rate of peatland degradation in Indonesia and to effectively restore the vast areas already damaged. A key consideration in this challenge is that tropical peatland restoration is an emerging field of scientific inquiry and little research has been published on the factors that constitute and influence successful restoration of tropical peatland ecosystems.This thesis addresses this gap in the broader ecosystem restoration literature by focusing on a case study of the so-called "Ex-Mega Rice Project" area of Central Kalimantan (an area previously subject to extensive degradation) and examining how successful peatland restoration can be achieved in Indonesia by: (1) reviewing the drivers of peatland degradation in the country in order to better understand the competing interests and broader socioecological context in which restoration activities need to be carried out; (2) studying previous restoration initiatives in Indonesia to better understand the restoration techniques used and the factors influencing their relative effectiveness; (3) analysing the specific tropical peatland restoration technique of "re-wetting" to better understand which elements of the technique best support effective restoration outcomes; (4) analysing the specific issue of illegal oil palm development on Indonesian peatland, including a consideration of what sorts of interventions are required to halt illegal oil palm development and control the associated recurrent fires that have been shown to substantially constrain the effectiveness of restoration initiatives; and (5) presenting an overarching conceptual framework of the factors that influence effective peatland restoration, which can be used by policy makers to devise restoration interventions that should have a greater probability of success.The drivers of peatland degradation in Indonesia can be categorised as direct and indirect. Direct drivers include logging, oil palm development and recurrent fires (mostly caused by large-and smallscale land use activities). Indirect drivers include climate change, the poverty and employment needs ii of local people, and the ineffective and sometimes perversely counter-productive land use governance systems.Techniques previously used to restore peatlands in Indonesia include rewetting through ...

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“…There is pressure to restore, rehabilitate, and develop this region, with interest from diverse sectors such as oil-palm (Jagau et al, 2008), carbon mitigation (Hooijer et al, 2006, Busch et al, 2012, Joosten et al, 2012, and biodiversity protection (Meijaard 1997, Morrogh-Bernard et al, 2003, Page et al, 2009, Posa 2011, Wich et al, 2012. We developed maps of estimated value for a regulating service (carbon stocks and potential for emissions reduction), three provisioning services (timber, crops from smallholder agriculture, oil-palm), and a supporting service (biodiversity).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to these carbon and hydrological impacts, the ability of peatlands to support biodiversity (Morrogh-Bernard et al, 2003, Posa 2011 The policy problem for the EMRP region is the suboptimal provision of ecosystem services, where there are many free riders of resource use leading to local, regional, and global inefficiencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trading carbon, biodiversity, and livelihoods: a landscape scale analysis of ecosystems services and trade-offs in land-use policy

Law¹

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Conservation and economic paradigms are shifting in recognition of the interdependencies among environmental, economic, and social systems. This shift is changing philosophies on why, where, and how we conserve nature. In this thesis I develop and apply novel approaches to plan for diverse objectives with the goal of enhancing the effectiveness, efficiency, and equitability of landscape management for multiple stakeholders.Forest carbon policy epitomises the challenges of interdependent environmental, economic, and social concerns. The ideals of REDD+ are inherently appealing, but in practice it presents a minefield of vagaries, unintended consequences, and trade-offs. Current forest-carbon policy fails to reflect the multiplicit social values of different management actions. As a solution, in chapter 2 I propose a policy framework that distinguishes distinct outcomes, promotes more effective incentives by better reflecting and leveraging from stakeholder values, and allows faster adaptation of policy to an uncertain future.Chapters 3-7 of my thesis develop a case study in a REDD+ priority region, the Ex-Mega Rice Project (EMRP) of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Restoration and development of the EMRP is of global interest due to substantial carbon emissions from degraded peatland, charismatic biodiversity, and a rapidly developing palm-oil industry. Understanding spatial distributions of environmental values is needed for their sustainable management. However, different stakeholders often perceive these values in different ways. In chapter 3, I explore the carbon, biodiversity, and development implications of seven proxies for carbon dynamics. I find above-ground biomass is not an adequate surrogate for emission dynamics, and current regulation limiting development on peatland may fail to incentivise peatland restoration. My results highlight that the most appropriate carbon proxy may not be the most accurate one, but rather the one that best incentivizes positive actions in suitable locations.REDD+ landscapes need to be managed for multiple social, economic, and environmental goals.In chapter 4 I quantify and map key policy-relevant ecosystem-service values, and evaluate the expected outcomes of four future land-use scenarios in the EMRP. I find that the prospective landuse plans will be considerable improvements on current land use, but identify several potential trade-offs. For example, oil-palm development may push smallholder agriculture into lowproductivity areas, and negatively impact biodiversity and carbon outcomes. This highlights that for effective, efficient, and equitable management these local-scale trade-offs will need to be carefully considered in future land-use planning for the EMRP.Estimating potential outcomes of different land-use policies can highlight where we may anticipate conflicts. Land-sharing and land-sparing strategies are embodied in agricultural and iii environmental policies currently applied in landscapes worldwide, and their relative benefits and shortcomings have rece...

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Population status of the Bornean orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus) in the Sebangau peat swamp forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Cited by 183 publications

References 18 publications

First estimates of population ecology and threats to Sunda clouded leopards Neofelis diardi in a peat-swamp forest, Indonesia

First estimates of population ecology and threats to Sunda clouded leopards Neofelis diardi in a peat-swamp forest, Indonesia

An assessment of the restoration efforts of degraded peatland in central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Trading carbon, biodiversity, and livelihoods: a landscape scale analysis of ecosystems services and trade-offs in land-use policy

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