Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction

McLaren, Lindsay; Sumar, Nureen; Barberio, Amanda M.; Trieu, Kathy; Lorenzetti, Diane; Tarasuk, Valerie; Webster, Jacqui; Campbell, Norman R.C.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010166.pub2

Cited by 89 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Italy has established a programme to work with the food industry including legislation to limit the salt content of bread . England has been implementing a comprehensive government lead, salt reduction intervention including salt targets and working with industry to reformulate foods since 2006 . Canada has also established targets for packaged foods that contribute the most salt to the Canadian diet .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science of Salt: Updating the evidence on global estimates of salt intake

Thout

Santos

McKenzie

et al. 2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 study estimated national salt intake for 187 countries based on data available up to 2010. The purpose of this review was to identify studies that have measured salt intake in a nationally representative population using the 24‐hour urine collection method since 2010, with a view to updating evidence on population salt intake globally. Studies published from January 2011 to September 2018 were searched for from MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases using relevant terms. Studies that provided nationally representative estimates of salt intake among the healthy adult population based on the 24‐hour urine collection were included. Measured salt intake was extracted and compared with the GBD estimates. Of the 115 identified studies assessed for eligibility, 13 studies were included: Four studies were from Europe, and one each from the United States, Canada, Benin, India, Samoa, Fiji, Barbados, Australia, and New Zealand. Mean daily salt intake ranged from 6.75 g/d in Barbados to 10.66 g/d in Portugal. Measured mean population salt intake in Italy, England, Canada, and Barbados was lower, and in Fiji, Samoa, and Benin was higher, in recent surveys compared to the GBD 2010 estimates. Despite global targets to reduce population salt intake, only 13 countries have published nationally representative salt intake data since the GBD 2010 study. In all countries, salt intake levels remain higher than the World Health Organization's recommendation, highlighting the need for additional global efforts to lower salt intake and monitor salt reduction strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science of Salt: Updating the evidence on global estimates of salt intake

Thout

Santos

McKenzie

et al. 2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool . Observational, nonrandomized studies were assessed using a modified Cochrane risk of bias tool . For meta‐analyses, the AMSTAR tool was applied .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science of Salt: A Regularly Updated Systematic Review of Salt and Health Outcomes (August to November 2015)

Wong

Arcand

Leung

et al. 2016

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The purpose of this review was to systematically identify, summarize, and critically appraise studies on dietary salt relating to health outcomes that were published from August to November 2015. The search strategy was adapted from a previous systematic review on dietary salt and health. Overall, 15 studies were included in the review: one study assessed cardiovascular events, five studies assessed blood pressure or hypertension incidence, six studies assessed surrogate outcomes for cardiovascular or kidney diseases, and three studies assessed other outcomes (age-related cataracts, rheumatoid arthritis, and bone mineral density, respectively). Four studies were selected for detailed appraisal and commentary. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).

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“…Evaluated studies were appraised for quality using a Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool,15 previously modified and used in the evaluation of randomised and non-randomised controlled trial studies of population-level sodium reduction 16. Two review authors independently scored studies low, unclear or high risk of bias across six domains: sampling; sample representativeness; reliability/validity of exposure and outcome measure; blinding of outcome assessment; risk of selective outcome reporting; and confounding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-level and community-level salt reduction initiatives: a systematic review of global programmes and their impact

Christoforou

Trieu

Land

et al. 2016

J Epidemiol Community Health

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Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction

Abstract: Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction.

Cited by 89 publications

References 63 publications

The Science of Salt: Updating the evidence on global estimates of salt intake

The Science of Salt: Updating the evidence on global estimates of salt intake

The Science of Salt: A Regularly Updated Systematic Review of Salt and Health Outcomes (August to November 2015)

State-level and community-level salt reduction initiatives: a systematic review of global programmes and their impact

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