Population, immigration, and air quality in the USA: a spatial panel study

Population Density and Spatial Patterns of Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

“…In this study, we used the local Moran index to analyze the spatial autocorrelation of population density in Nairobi. Local Moran indexes are widely used in determining the spatial correlation for population and economic factors in urban areas [41][42][43]. We used this method to identify where the spatial agglomeration of population density in the study area is.…”

Industrial Agglomeration Analysis Based on Spatial Durbin Model: Evidence from Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei Economic Circle in China

“…Du et al used panel data of Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Economic Circle to conclude that manufacturing industry agglomeration, as well as the market concentration of these two economic circles, has improved regional innovation ability through the innovation environment [25]. Ma and Hofmann tested the relationship by SDM between population and air quality [26]. Hao and Chen expressed a personal suggestion that both industrial agglomeration and technological innovation can contribute to economic growth [27].…”

CO2 Emissions Embodied in International Migration from 1995 to 2015

“…18,19 Ma and Hofmann even find that the presence of an immigrant population is associated with better overall air quality 20 possibly because migrants express greater environmental concerns and have lower energy consumption than the U.S. native born people. The inconclusive nature of the evidence calls for further research using different indicators of environmental impact 20 as well as cross-national comparisons between countries with high and low emissions. 18 Indeed, more accurate and objective studies about the migration−environment relationship are needed since they have relevant policy implications.…”

“…The evidence on the impact of migration on the environment, however, is inconclusive. On the one hand, rural to urban migration within a country is typically found to be associated with an increase in CO 2 emissions given a rise in the demand for residential energy in the urban area and lifestyle change thanks to increased income level. , On the other hand, studies on the environmental impact of immigration measured by air quality and air pollutant emissions focusing on the U.S. do not find evidence that immigration contributes to heightened air pollution levels. , Ma and Hofmann even find that the presence of an immigrant population is associated with better overall air quality possibly because migrants express greater environmental concerns and have lower energy consumption than the U.S. native born people. The inconclusive nature of the evidence calls for further research using different indicators of environmental impact as well as cross-national comparisons between countries with high and low emissions …”

“…On the one hand, rural to urban migration within a country is typically found to be associated with an increase in CO 2 emissions given a rise in the demand for residential energy in the urban area and lifestyle change thanks to increased income level. , On the other hand, studies on the environmental impact of immigration measured by air quality and air pollutant emissions focusing on the U.S. do not find evidence that immigration contributes to heightened air pollution levels. , Ma and Hofmann even find that the presence of an immigrant population is associated with better overall air quality possibly because migrants express greater environmental concerns and have lower energy consumption than the U.S. native born people. The inconclusive nature of the evidence calls for further research using different indicators of environmental impact as well as cross-national comparisons between countries with high and low emissions …”