Population health status in China: EQ-5D results, by age, sex and socio-economic status, from the National Health Services Survey 2008

Abstract

PurposeTo measure and analyse national EQ-5D data and to provide norms for the Chinese general population by age, sex, educational level, income and employment status.MethodsThe EQ-5D instrument was included in the National Health Services Survey 2008 (n = 120,703) to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL). All descriptive analyses by socio-economic status (educational level, income and employment status) and by clinical characteristics (discomfort during the past 2 weeks, diagnosed with chronic diseases during the past 6 months and hospitalised during the past 12 months) were stratified by sex and age group.ResultsHealth status declines with advancing age, and women reported worse health status than men, which is in line with EQ-5D population health studies in other countries and previous population health studies in China. The EQ-5D instrument distinguished well for the known groups: positive association between socio-economic status and HRQoL was observed among the Chinese population. Persons with clinical characteristics had worse HRQoL than those without.ConclusionsThis study provides Chinese population HRQoL data measured by the EQ-5D instrument, based on a national representative sample. The main findings for different subgroups are consistent with results from EQ-5D population studies in other countries, and discriminative validity was supported.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11136-010-9762-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Subjective Well-Being and Its Association with Subjective Health Status, Age, Sex, Region, and Socio-economic Characteristics in a Chinese Population Study

“…Furthermore, as SWB is a culture-related concept (Lu 2006;Oishi 2010), qualitative studies amongst different population groups would facilitate the understanding of how well the existing measures truly capture the concept of well-being. There are also limitations with respect to defining socio-economic status, interviewer bias and ceiling effects of the EQ-5D instrument which have been discussed elsewhere (Sun et al 2011a(Sun et al , 2011b.…”

“…The HHS 2010 used the same protocol as the National Health Services Survey 2008 (NHSS 2008); details regarding the NHSS questionnaire, sample frame and interview procedure have been presented elsewhere (Sun et al 2011a(Sun et al , 2011b. The HHS 2010 questionnaire was based on a subset of questions from NHSS 2008, plus an additional question on happiness.…”

Population norms for the EQ-5D-3L: a cross-country analysis of population surveys for 20 countries

“…Countries included in the analysis were: Argentina, Belgium, China, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, United Kingdom, and the United States [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. For two countries (Argentina and China), the dataset transfer to the central archive was not possible.…”

Regional differences in health status in China: Population health-related quality of life results from the National Health Services Survey 2008

“…EQ-5D population health studies have been performed mostly in Europe (Burström, Johannesson, & Diderichsen, 2001;Kind, Dolan, Gudex, & Williams, 1998;König et al, 2009;Sorensen, Davidsen, Gudex, Pedersen, & Bronnum-Hansen, 2009;Szende & Williams, 2004), USA (Fryback, Dunham, Palta, Hanmer, Buechner, & Cherepanov, 2007;Lubetkin, Jia, Franks, & Gold, 2005;Luo, Johnson, Shaw, Feeny, & Coons, 2005), Canada (Leung, Luo, So, & Quan, 2007) and Asia (Kil, Lee, Yun, An, & Jo, 2008;Shafie, Hassali, & Liau, 2010;Ting, Tarn, Ching, Liou, Shaw, & Chiou, 2007;Tsuchiya, & et al, 2002), including China (Sun et al, 2010;Wang, David, Mullahy, & Mullahy, 2005). Studies among other Chinese populations have also been performed in Singapore (Luo, Chew, Fong, Koh, Ng, & Yoon, 2003), the USA (Lubetkin et al, 2007;Luo et al, 2005) and Canada (Leung et al, 2007).…”