Population genetics of Mediterranean and Saharan olives: geographic patterns of differentiation and evidence for early generations of admixture

Besnard, Guillaume; Bakkali, Ahmed El; Haouane, Hicham; Baâli-Cherif, Djamel; Moukhli, Abdelmajid; Khadari, Bouchaïb

doi:10.1093/aob/mct196

Cited by 67 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The mean values of H O and H E (0Á719 and 0Á771, respectively) are similar to those observed for this subspecies in other populations from the Western Mediterranean Basin (Belaj et al, 2007) and higher than those reported by Yoruk and Taskin (2014) for wild olive populations in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin. This trend is in agreement with several previous studies that showed a high genetic variability in the Western Mediterranean Basin, in particular in the Iberian Peninsula and on both sides of the Maghreb (Breton et al, 2006;Rubio De Casas et al, 2006;Besnard et al, 2013;Muñoz Diez et al, 2015). It should be noted, however, that comparing the data in the literature is not simple as the differences found in the number of alleles per locus and the heterozygosity values may be due to several factors, such as the different loci and the number of genotypes studied (Lopes et al, 2004).…”

Section: Population Genetic Diversitysupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In a previous work on wild populations from different Andalusian provinces, the C adiz population was the one with the highest genome proportion assigned to the true oleaster gene pool . This result is in agreement with several studies (Lumaret et al, 2004;Belaj et al, 2007;Besnard et al, 2013) that considered the C adiz population as one of the world's most important 'hotspots'. Therefore, the wild olive population of C adiz might represent an unexploited reservoir of genetic variability for Olea europaea subsp.…”

Section: Population Genetic Diversitysupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These undisturbed forests of true oleaster can be considered as real 'hotspots' of var. sylvestris genetic diversity (Lumaret and Ouazzani, 2001;Erre et al, 2010;Besnard et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild olive populations are likely to be restricted to very few isolated forest areas (Zohary and Spiegel-Roy, 1975;Lumaret et al, 2004;Yoruk and Taskin, 2014) and the need to implement conservation programmes to maintain their genetic peculiarities has been stressed in several studies (Lumaret and Ouazzani, 2001;Médail et al, 2001;Belaj et al, 2007;Erre et al, 2010;Muñoz-Diez et al, 2011). Estimating the extent of pollen flow at the population level is an important contribution in delineating conservation strategies for viable, natural populations, and few studies have focused on this topic so far in wild olive subspecies (Breton et al, 2006;Besnard et al, 2009aBesnard et al, , b, 2013Garcia-Verdugo et al, 2010). However, only in the work by Besnard et al (2009a) was the effectiveness of pollen flow within and among O. europaea subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollen-mediated gene flow and fine-scale spatial genetic structure inOlea europaeasubsp.europaeavar.sylvestris

Beghè

Piotti

Šatović

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Wild olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) is important from an economic and ecological point of view. The effects of anthropogenic activities may lead to the genetic erosion of its genetic patrimony, which has high value for breeding programmes. In particular, the consequences of the introgression from cultivated stands are strongly dependent on the extent of gene flow and therefore this work aims at quantitatively describing contemporary gene flow patterns in wild olive natural populations.Methods The studied wild population is located in an undisturbed forest, in southern Spain, considered one of the few extant hotspots of true oleaster diversity. A total of 225 potential father trees and seeds issued from five mother trees were genotyped by eight microsatellite markers. Levels of contemporary pollen flow, in terms of both pollen immigration rates and within-population dynamics, were measured through paternity analyses. Moreover, the extent of fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) was studied to assess the relative importance of seed and pollen dispersal in shaping the spatial distribution of genetic variation.Key Results The results showed that the population under study is characterized by a high genetic diversity, a relatively high pollen immigration rate (0Á57), an average within-population pollen dispersal of about 107 m and weak but significant SGS up to 40 m. The population is a mosaic of several intermingled genetic clusters that is likely to be generated by spatially restricted seed dispersal. Moreover, wild oleasters were found to be selfincompatible and preferential mating between some genotypes was revealed.Conclusions Knowledge of the within-population genetic structure and gene flow dynamics will lead to identifying possible strategies aimed at limiting the effect of anthropogenic activities and improving breeding programmes for the conservation of olive tree forest genetic resources.

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Section: Population Genetic Diversitysupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Population Genetic Diversitysupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These undisturbed forests of true oleaster can be considered as real 'hotspots' of var. sylvestris genetic diversity (Lumaret and Ouazzani, 2001;Erre et al, 2010;Besnard et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollen-mediated gene flow and fine-scale spatial genetic structure inOlea europaeasubsp.europaeavar.sylvestris

Beghè

Piotti

Šatović

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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“…Breeding of olive varieties in those old days was based on selection of favorable types from the wild and vegetative propagation of the more favorable trees [1]. The initial domestication of the olive after identifying their value as sustainable food and a significant source of energy for human utilization was first identified by the population around the eastern end of the Mediterranean basin [2]- [4].…”

Section: Some Notes On History and Traditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Breeding New Olive Varieties in Israel for Quality and Economic Management

Lavee¹,

Avidan²,

Ben-Ari³

2014

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The domesticated olives originated based on decades of selection from the natural forest around the Mediterranean basin being one of the oldest cultivated tree crops. The requirement for new olive varieties increased markedly during the last 100 years as a result of a worldwide transformation changing from a traditional extensive to a modern intensive mechanized industry. The traditional olive cultivars still widely used are selections from the local autochthonous cultivars which are well adapted to their natural environment. However, the level of production of those is usually rather low and many of them fail to respond enough to modern intensification methods. The wild olive population is gradually diminishing in all regions thus, natural selection is not efficient enough for developing the cultivars required for the new intensive olive industry. Cross breeding between cultivars with specific characters became the basis for the required new cultivars. The genetic diversity in progenies of most olive cultivars is extremely wide and thus becomes the basic source for breeding of the needed new cultivars. However, the genetic information on olive heredity and identification of specific gene characteristics is still limited. Genomic information is required for rational choice of genitors in accordance with each breeding aim, particularly as most criteria required for the new varieties are of multi-gene nature. The availability of advanced genomic information will also serve as basis for molecular engineering when accepted for use in the olive commodity. Geographically isolated olive populations developed during generations of inbreeding in remote regions are another important genetic resource of characters required for breeding the cultivars for the new modern mechanized olive orchards. The use of molecular markers based on AFLP, SSRs, DArT and SNPs is important for the choice of genitors leading to a reduction of the progeny size required in olive breeding. Presently the newly released olive cultivars are still the result of classical breeding.

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Advances in genotyping microsatellite markers through sequencing and consequences of scoring methods for Ceratonia siliqua (Leguminosae)

et al. 2018

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Premise of the StudySimple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers have been used in a broad range of studies mostly scoring alleles on the basis of amplicon size as a proxy for the number of repeat units of an SSR motif. However, additional sources of variation within the SSR or in the flanking regions have largely remained undetected.MethodsIn this study, we implemented a next‐generation sequencing–based genotyping approach in a newly characterized set of 18 nuclear SSR markers for the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of three different methods of scoring molecular variation present within microsatellite markers on the genetic diversity and structure results.ResultsThe analysis of the sequences of 77 multilocus genotypes from four populations revealed SSR variation and additional sources of polymorphism in 87% of the loci analyzed (42 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and five insertion/deletion polymorphisms), as well as divergent paralog copies in two loci. Ignoring sequence variation under standard amplicon size genotyping resulted in incorrect identification of 69% of the alleles, with important effects on the genetic diversity and structure estimates.DiscussionNext‐generation sequencing allows the detection and scoring of SSRs, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, and insertion/deletion polymorphisms to increase the resolution of population genetic studies.

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Population genetics of Mediterranean and Saharan olives: geographic patterns of differentiation and evidence for early generations of admixture

Abstract: This study reports for the first time admixture between Mediterranean and Saharan olives. Although its contribution remains limited, Laperrine's olive has been involved in the diversification of cultivated olives.

Cited by 67 publications

References 51 publications

Pollen-mediated gene flow and fine-scale spatial genetic structure inOlea europaeasubsp.europaeavar.sylvestris

Pollen-mediated gene flow and fine-scale spatial genetic structure inOlea europaeasubsp.europaeavar.sylvestris

Trends in Breeding New Olive Varieties in Israel for Quality and Economic Management

Advances in genotyping microsatellite markers through sequencing and consequences of scoring methods for Ceratonia siliqua (Leguminosae)

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