Population genetic study of 17 Y-STR Loci of the Sorani Kurds in the Province of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

Albarzinji, B.; Abdulkarim, Farhad M.; Hussein, Shaho A.; Rashid, Dlshad; Lazim, Hayder

doi:10.1186/s12864-022-09005-6

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The data in tables 3, 4 and 5 indicate that the mean value of gene diversity in Arminian population is the highest (0.876) then followed by the mean gene diversity in the Polytechnic Journal Kurd population (0.873) then in Assyrian population (0.867). Gene diversity in this study was much higher than those reported by Imad and his colleagues (2013) and Naji (2020), while it was similar to those results of Albarzinji (2022) who reported genetic diversity value between 0.848 to 0.392 in Sorani Kurds. In Northern Greece, similar genetic diversity value of 0.9992 also has been scored in 17 Y STR loci, five of these STRs were similar to those used in this study (Leda et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat Variation in Kurd, Assyrian, and Armenian populations in Iraq Kurdistan

Khalid

Fattah

2023

Polytechnic j.

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Background: North central Middle Eastern countries Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria all have persistent Kurdish regions. Over thousands of years, several ethnicities have immigrated, settled, or resided in the region, including Turks, Persians, Arabs, Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Chechens, and Azeris. Methods: Eleven Y-chromosome STRs were evaluated in a total of 90 unrelated males from the Kurds, Armenians, and Assyrians populations in the Kurdistan region of Iraq (DYS19, DYS390, DYS393, DYS426, DYS437, DYS439, DYS447, DYS460, DYS461, DYS481, and DYS576). Using a DNA extraction kit, total DNA was isolated from leukocytes. PCR products were run on 8% polyacrylamide gel with a 50bp ladder DNA marker to size the bands, and silver staining was used to identify the DNA bands. Power Marker V3.25 software was used to determine variety of genetic parameters, including total allele number, allele frequency, gene diversity, polymorphic information content (PIC), and phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA-X software. Results: The total number of alleles identified in the three populations was 380. The sizes of the alleles ranged from 87bp to 275bp.The most diverse loci were DYS447 and DYS576 (GD: 0.949), whereas DYS426 showed the least diversity (GD:0.896). The Phylogenetic tree divided the populations into two main clusters: The Kurdish and Armenian clades in one cluster and the Assyrian in another cluster. Few of dendrogram leaves from the three examined groups were admixed with each other. Conclusions: This study confirms the high-resolution Y-STR typing's ability to discriminate. We conclude that the genetic distance between Kurd and Armenians is less than the genetic distance between the Kurd and the Assyrians, meaning that the Armenians population are genetically closer to the Kurds population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat Variation in Kurd, Assyrian, and Armenian populations in Iraq Kurdistan

Khalid

Fattah

2023

Polytechnic j.

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“…Several studies have examined the genetic diversity of the Kurdish population, including studies of both the Ychromosome and mitochondrial DNA. One of these studies was about Sorani Kurds, and the result showed that Hg J and R are the most common among Kurds, with frequencies of around 40% and 20%, respectively (Albarzinji et al, 2022). The predominant Hg (J, R, and E) are among Kurds, with frequencies that are similar to those found in neighbouring populations in the Middle East (Table 2 and Fig.…”

Section: Lebanonmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Genetic Diversity And Ancestry of A Small Sample from Greater Kurdistan: Insights from Dna Sequencing Results

Akbar

2023

UOD

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In this research, the DNA sequencing method is used to analyse the genetic diversity and ancestry of a small group of people from greater Kurdistan. The ancestry report data indicates the anthropological roots of the individual. It's interesting to note the distribution of the DNA sequencing results of the Kurdish specimens. The results showed that the Kurdish-origin volunteers from Greater Kurdistan had a high degree of genetic similarity, indicating a common genetic ancestry. The sequencing showed that all Kurds from Greater Kurdistan share approximately similar origins. All regions and countries with ancestry in these results were either Kurdish lands or settled by Kurds. In addition, the data revealed that volunteers from other countries, compared to Kurds, displayed a lower level of genetic similarity, indicating a more diverse genetic ancestry. i.e., the significance of the distinctions between Kurds from all regions of Greater Kurdistan and other ethnicities from Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Israel, as well as ethnicities from the remaining countries (the United Kingdom and Spain), confirms the accuracy of the findings. The results of this study are important for understanding the genetic diversity and ancestry of the Kurdish population. It provides a detailed picture of the genetic makeup of the Kurds, which can be used to understand better the history and culture of the Kurdish people. However, it is important to emphasise that these estimates are based on the individuals who were sampled for the study and may not represent the genetic diversity of the entire population of Greater Kurdistan. It's also important to note that various factors such as migration, historical events, and genetic drift can influence genetic ancestry, which is a complex topic. The fact that the specimen's DNA is predominantly linked to Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Syria, Armenia, Pakistan, and Lebanon suggests that the region may have played a vital role in the ancestry of the individual to which the specimen belonged, or historical genetic ties between the Kurd regions and their countries that are related; or Kurds have with time become multiethnic due to admixture with other groups, and this is due to more recent migrations or genetic exchanges (intermarriages) between those regions and Kurds. Additionally, ten major haplogroups (Hg) of the Ychromosome Kurdish gene pool were determined, which indicates a diverse genetic background. Among these haplogroups, J, R (R1b), G, and E were considered the most common. However, the results of the present study are not totally significant and do not totally represent all Kurds; because of the limited sample size, they are considered a beginning for further research.

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“…There has been few genetic research on the Iraqi Kurdish population, with the majority of previous work focusing on Y-STRs, mtDNA, and autosomal STRs [9,10,65,66]. By analysing…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kurds, who inhabit a mountainous region spanning Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey, and Armenia, have different dialects such as Kurmanji, Sorani, Kirmashani, Zazaki, and Gorani. However, there is limited published data available on the comprehensive diversity of the population in Iraq and the genetic diversity of the Kurdish population [9][10][11]. This study focuses on the Sorani group, which is part of the Central Kurdish group in the northeastern Iraqi province of Sulaymaniyah.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An X-STRs analysis of the Iraqi Sorani Kurds

M. Albarzinji,

Hadi,

Ismael

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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A database for the Iraqi Sorani Kurds, specifically focused on the 12 X-short tandem repeat (STR) loci, has been developed to fascilitate forensic and population genetics investigations. The present study involved genotyping 117 unrelated individuals from the Sorani Kurds ethnic group using the Investigator Argus X-12 QS kit. The analysis revealed that the DXS10135 locus exhibited the highest degree of polymorphism, as indicated by a polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.94565 and a gene diversity (GD) value of 0.95623. Conversely, the DXS8378 locus displayed the lowest level of polymorphism, with a PIC value of 0.61026 and a GD value of 0.68170. Notably, two individuals were found to possess a rare allele (allele = 6) at the DXS8378 locus, which was not included in the allelic ladder of the kit. Furthermore, a significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) (p < 0.05/117) was observed between the DXS10103 and DXS10101 loci on linkage group 3 (LG3). The ancestral composition of the five primary geographic regions, namely Africa, Middle East, East Asia, Europe, and South America, was determined through the utilization of the FST/FSTmax ratio. The findings of this analysis revealed that the Middle Eastern populations exhibited the lowest FST/FSTmax ratio, measuring at 0.23243, indicating a relatively lower ancestral diversity. Conversely, the European populations showcased the highest FST/FSTmax ratio, measuring at 0.27122, indicative of a greater ancestral diversity within this region. Additionally, the allelic richness indicators, namely distinctive and private alleles, indicated that Africa and the Middle East displayed the highest levels, while Far East Asia exhibited the lowest. This analysis supports the hypothesis of repeated founder effects during outward migrations, as evidenced by both the ancestry variability and the allelic richness. Consequently, the findings of this study have important implications for forensic genetics and population genetics research, particularly in relation to the consideration of genetic predispositions within specific ethnic groups.

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Population genetic study of 17 Y-STR Loci of the Sorani Kurds in the Province of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat Variation in Kurd, Assyrian, and Armenian populations in Iraq Kurdistan

Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat Variation in Kurd, Assyrian, and Armenian populations in Iraq Kurdistan

The Genetic Diversity And Ancestry of A Small Sample from Greater Kurdistan: Insights from Dna Sequencing Results

An X-STRs analysis of the Iraqi Sorani Kurds

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