Population genetic structure of the Amazonian black flannelmouth characin (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae: Prochilodus nigricans Spix &amp; Agassiz, 1829): contemporary and historical gene flow of a migratory and abundant fishery species

Machado, Valéria Nogueira; Willis, Stuart C.; Teixeira, Aylton Saturnino; Hrbek, Tomas; Farias, Izeni Pires

doi:10.1007/s10641-016-0547-0

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Descriptions of black prochilodus migrations provided here represent the best assumptions currently available for the westernmost part of the Amazon basin that lies in the Ecuadorian territory, and hopefully, this framework will be tested and refined through future research. Otolith microchemistry studies (e.g., Hermann et al, 2016), genetic analyses (e.g., Sivasundar et al, 2001;Machado et al, 2016) and radio-tagging (e.g., Núñez-Rodríguez et al, 2015) are other technologies being used increasingly to further our understandings of migrations by Amazonian fishes.…”

Section: Migratory Patterns: a Synthesis Migrations Of Adultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction, feeding and migration patterns of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in northeastern Ecuador

Silva

Stewart

2017

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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The black prochilodus, Prochilodus nigricans, is an important food fish distributed throughout aquatic habitats of the Ecuadorian Amazon. We sampled gonad weight, body condition, and feeding of this species to address the question of whether changes in these biological parameters are related to hydrological variation and migration patterns. High frequency of empty stomachs and poor body condition corresponded to migration periods. Gonad condition analysis revealed a single, discrete spawning period in April (end of rising water season). We synthesized our own and published observations on migration patterns of black prochilodus and presumptive factors that influence those movements. Mature individuals make lateral migrations from peripheral flooded habitats to large white water rivers to spawn. Eggs and larvae drift downstream to nurseries at least into Peru and perhaps into Brazil; there do not appear to be nursery habitats in Ecuador. After 6-18 months, they migrate upstream, recruiting to parental stocks. Long-distance migrations of black prochilodus and similar fishes in Neotropical rivers disobey political boundaries. Conservation and management of such migratory fishes, thus, requires international co-operation and integrated conservation efforts.Keywords: Black prochilodus, Condition factor, Gonadalsomatic index, Life-history, Stomach fullness.El bocachico, Prochilodus nigricans, es una fuente importante de proteínas, distribuido en hábitats acuáticos de las tierras bajas de la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Se muestreo el peso de las gónadas, la condición corporal, y alimentación de esta especie para determinar la relación de estos parámetros biológicos con la variación hidrológica y patrones migratorios. Una frecuencia alta de estómagos vacíos y la pobre condición corporal corresponde a períodos de migración. El análisis del estado de las gónadas reveló un corto periodo de desove en abril (fin de la temporada de aumento del río). Hemos sintetizado nuestras observaciones propias y publicadas sobre migraciones del bocachico, así como los factores que presumiblemente influyen en estos movimientos. Los peces adultos migran lateralmente desde hábitats periféricos inundados hasta ríos de aguas blancas para desovar. Los huevos y larvas flotan aguas abajo hasta llegar a sitios de crianza en Perú y posiblemente en Brasil; no parece haber hábitats de crianza en Ecuador. Después de 6-18 meses, los bocachicos migran aguas arriba, reclutando a las poblaciones parentales. Las migraciones a larga distancia del bocachico y peces similares en ríos Neotropicales desobedecen las fronteras políticas. Una gestión apropiada de este recurso requiere de cooperación internacional y esfuerzos integrados de conservación.Palabras Clave: Bocachico, Factor de condición, Historia natural, Índice gonadosomático, Llenura del estómago.

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Section: Migratory Patterns: a Synthesis Migrations Of Adultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction, feeding and migration patterns of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in northeastern Ecuador

Silva

Stewart

2017

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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“…The available genetic evidence indicates little differentiation in the populations of interbasin migratory Characiforms within the interbasin migration region we defined (Machado, Willis, Teixeira, Hrbek, & Farias, ; Santos, Ruffino, & Farias, ). In contrast to the interbasin migratory goliath catfishes, interbasin migratory Characiforms spawn throughout the Amazon Basin wherever there are whitewater rivers, and especially near their confluences with blackwater and clearwater confluences (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Many, if not most, of the long-distance migratory characiform species, however, are not restricted to whitewater rivers but also migrate into and out of nutrient-poor blackwater and/or clearwater rivers that large subadults and adults use as feeding areas (Correa & Winemiller, 2018;Goulding, 1980;Ribeiro & Petrere-Jr, 1990). Based on the main commercial fisheries area and migratory areas outside of it, the interbasin migratory characiform region occupies an area of 2,015,414 km 2 , or nearly one-third of the Amazon Basin (Figure 4) The available genetic evidence indicates little differentiation in the populations of interbasin migratory Characiforms within the interbasin migration region we defined (Machado, Willis, Teixeira, Hrbek, & Farias, 2016;Santos, Ruffino, & Farias, 2007). In contrast to the interbasin migratory goliath catfishes, interbasin migratory Characiforms spawn throughout the Amazon Basin wherever there are whitewater rivers, and especially near their confluences with blackwater and clearwater confluences (Figure 7).…”

Section: Long-distance Migratory Characiform Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem‐based management of Amazon fisheries and wetlands

et al. 2018

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Infrastructure development and overfishing in the Amazon make it imperative to define adequate scales for the ecosystem‐based management of commercial fisheries and the wetlands on which they depend. We mapped fisheries and fish ecology data from Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Colombia to an explicit GIS framework of river basins and mainstems. Migratory species account for more than 80% of the known maximum catches of commercial fisheries across the Amazon. Of these migratory species, we nominated six long‐distance migratory fish taxa as flagship species to define the two main commercial fishery regions. The migrations of at least one goliath catfish species define a large‐scale longitudinal link joining the Andes, Amazon Lowlands and Amazon River estuary. Migratory Characiforms demonstrate interbasin wetland connectivity between nutrient‐rich and nutrient‐poor rivers over at least 2 million km2, or about one‐third of the Amazon Basin. We show that flooded forest area is the most important wetland variable explaining regional variations in migratory characiforme biomass as indicated by maximum annual fishery catches. The sustainable management of Amazon fisheries will require transnational cooperation and a paradigm shift from local community management alone to a more integrated approach that considers both rural and urban consumers and challenges, and the realistic life histories of migratory species.

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“…Although Melo et al (2016) reported taxonomic issues within the "Prochilodus nigricans group", there are surprisingly few population genetic studies on P. nigricans. The only one carried out so far suggested a homogeneous population along the Amazon main stem (Machado et al, 2017).…”

Section: E170139[2]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in the Putumayo River

et al. 2018

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The black prochilodus (Prochilodus nigricans) is one of the most landed scaled fish species of the middle and upper parts of the Putumayo River, in the tri-national area between Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Despite its importance, biological information about this species is too scant to guide fisheries management in this portion of the Colombian Amazon. In this study, 10884 individuals were sampled in the fish markets of Puerto Leguízamo between 2009 and 2017. This sampling was used to document reproductive patterns, but also growth and mortality parameters from length frequency distributions. The size at which all fish were mature was 22 cm Ls, which should be the established as the minimum size of capture to ensure that all fish have had a chance to reproduce before being caught. Growth and mortality parameters indicated a slower growth in the Putumayo than in other Amazonian rivers and a relatively high exploitation rate.

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Population genetic structure of the Amazonian black flannelmouth characin (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae: Prochilodus nigricans Spix & Agassiz, 1829): contemporary and historical gene flow of a migratory and abundant fishery species

Cited by 23 publications

References 67 publications

Reproduction, feeding and migration patterns of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in northeastern Ecuador

Reproduction, feeding and migration patterns of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in northeastern Ecuador

Ecosystem‐based management of Amazon fisheries and wetlands

Population dynamics of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in the Putumayo River

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