Population dynamics of a non-cultivated biennial plant Tragopogon pratensis infected by the autoecious demicyclic rust fungus Puccinia hysterium

Salama, N. K. G.; Bosch, Frank van den; Edwards, G. R.; Heard, Matthew S.; Jeger, M.J.

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2011.12.009

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Furthermore, encompassing pollutants changes in composition of the atmosphere other than just carbon dioxide appears to also impact pathogens, as with the change in relative abundance of the cereal pathogens Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Mycosphaerella graminicola (Zymoseptoria tritici) in the UK attributed to sulphur dioxide (Fitt et al 2011). This study emphasized the value of long-term data sets in interpreting past trends in pathogen prevalence (Jeger and Pautasso 2008) and in host abundance in natural plant communities (Salama et al 2012). At the landscape scale, deposition of atmospheric pollutants including nitrogen and sulphur, have also been identified as potential predisposing factors underlying oak decline (Brown et al 2018), with nitrogen imbalance and differing abundance of nitrogen cycling microorganisms observed at the tree level (Scarlett et al, 2020).…”

Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 82%

Global challenges facing plant pathology: multidisciplinary approaches to meet the food security and environmental challenges in the mid-twenty-first century

et al. 2021

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The discipline of plant pathology has an expanding remit requiring a multi-faceted, interdisciplinary approach to capture the complexity of interactions for any given disease, disease complex or syndrome. This review discussed recent developments in plant pathology research and identifies some key issues that, we anticipate, must be faced to meet the food security and environmental challenges that will arise over coming decades. In meeting these issues, the challenge in turn is for the plant pathology community to respond by contributing to a wider forum for multidisciplinary research, recognising that impact will depend not just on advances in the plant pathology discipline alone, but on interactions more broadly with other agricultural and ecological sciences, and with the needs of national and global policies and regulation. A challenge more readily met once plant pathologists again gather physically at international meetings and return to the professional and social encounters that are fertile grounds for developing new ideas and forging collaborative approaches both within plant pathology and with other disciplines. In this review we emphasise, in particular: the multidisciplinary links between plant pathology and other disciplines; disease management, including precision agriculture, plant growth and development, and decision analysis and disease risk; the development and use of new and novel plant protection chemicals; new ways of exploiting host genetic diversity including host resistance deployment; a new perspective on biological control and microbial interactions; advances in surveillance and detection technologies; invasion of exotic and re-emerging plant pathogens; and the consequences of climate change affecting all aspects of agriculture, the environment, and their interactions. We draw conclusions in each of these areas, but in reaching forward over the next few decades, these inevitably lead to further research questions rather than solutions to the challenges we anticipate.

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Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 82%

Global challenges facing plant pathology: multidisciplinary approaches to meet the food security and environmental challenges in the mid-twenty-first century

et al. 2021

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“…However, in order to do so, it is important to understand natural patterns of fluctuations in plant communities. Most existing long time series of population dynamics or community composition reveal large fluctuations [4,17 -20], and that the importance of different factors causing these fluctuations often vary over time [4,18,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex biotic interactions drive long-term vegetation dynamics in a subarctic ecosystem

Olofsson

Beest

Ericson

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Predicting impacts of global warming requires understanding of the extent to which plant biomass and production are controlled by bottom-up and top-down drivers. By annually monitoring community composition in grazed control plots and herbivore-free exclosures at an Arctic location for 15 years, we detected multiple biotic interactions. Regular rodent cycles acted as pulses driving synchronous fluctuations in the biomass of field-layer vegetation; reindeer influenced the biomass of taller shrubs, and the abundance of plant pathogenic fungi increased when densities of their host plants increased in exclosures. Two outbreaks of geometrid moths occurred during the study period, with contrasting effects on the field layer: one in 2004 had marginal effects, while one in 2012 severely reduced biomass in the control plots and eliminated biomass that had accumulated over 15 years in the exclosures. The latter was followed by a dramatic decline of the dominant understory dwarf-shrub Empetrum hermaphroditum , driven by an interaction between moth herbivory on top buds and leaves, and increased disease severity of a pathogenic fungus. We show that the climate has important direct and indirect effects on all these biotic interactions. We conclude that long time series are essential to identify key biotic interactions in ecosystems, since their importance will be influenced by climatic conditions, and that manipulative treatments are needed in order to obtain the mechanistic understanding needed for robust predictions of future ecosystem changes and their feedback effects.

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“…Additionally, infected plants produced shorter seeds with longer pappi. However, once germinated, pot experiments gave no evidence for additional seedling mortality due to pathogen infecton (Salama et al 2012). A similar reduced seed production occurs in groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) infected by the rust, P. lagenophorae (Paul and Ayres 1987), and altered seed morphology has been observed in cases of Lolium multiflorum infected with P. coronata (Mattner and Parbery 2007) and P hordei infecting Hordeum vulgare (Das et al 2007).…”

Section: Case Study: Tragopogon Pratensis -Puccinia Hysteriummentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of plant pathogens on population dynamics and community composition in grassland ecosystems: two case studies

et al. 2013

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Grassland ecosystems comprise a major portion of the earth's terrestrial surface, ranging from high-input cultivated monocultures or simple species-mixtures to relatively unmanaged but dynamic systems. Plant pathogens are a component of these systems with their impact dependent on many interacting factors, including grassland species population dynamics and community composition, the topics covered in this paper. Plant pathogens are affected by these interactions and also act reciprocally by modifying their nature. We briefly review these features of disease in grasslands and then introduce the 150-year long-term Park Grass Experiment (PGE) at Rothamsted Research in the UK. We then consider in detail two plant-pathogen systems present in the PGE, Tragopogon pratensis-Puccinia hysterium and Holcus lanata-Puccinia coronata. These two systems have very different life history characteristics: the first, a biennial member of the Asteraceae infected by its host-specific, systemic rust; the second, a perennial grass infected by a host-nonspecific rust. We illustrate how observational, experimental and modelling studies can contribute to a better understanding of population dynamics, competitive interactions and evolutionary outcomes. With Tragopogon pratensis-Puccinia hysterium, characterised as an "outbreak" species in the PGE, we show that pathogen-induced mortality is unlikely to be involved in host population regulation; and that the presence of even a short-lived seed-bank can affect the qualitative outcomes of the host-pathogen dynamics. With Holcus lanata-Puccinia coronata, we show how nutrient conditions can affect adaptation in terms of host defence mechanisms, and that coexistence of competing species affected by a common generalist pathogen is unlikely.

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Population dynamics of a non-cultivated biennial plant Tragopogon pratensis infected by the autoecious demicyclic rust fungus Puccinia hysterium

Abstract: Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner.

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Global challenges facing plant pathology: multidisciplinary approaches to meet the food security and environmental challenges in the mid-twenty-first century

Global challenges facing plant pathology: multidisciplinary approaches to meet the food security and environmental challenges in the mid-twenty-first century

Complex biotic interactions drive long-term vegetation dynamics in a subarctic ecosystem

Effects of plant pathogens on population dynamics and community composition in grassland ecosystems: two case studies

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