“…Among coleopterans, the seed borer Bruchidius uberatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is a relevant pest of Vachellia (= Acacia ) species (Fabaceae), and the stem borer Sphenoptera chalcichroa (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is damaging Vachellia nilotica , an important tree of South African savannah (Atta, ; Delobel, ). The productivity of West African indigenous timber trees Triplochiton scleroxylon (Malvaceae), and African teak Milicia excelsa and M. regia (Moraceae), is affected by native psyllids Diclidophlebia eastopi , Phytolyma fusca (African teak gall bug), and P. lata (Iroko gall bug) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), respectively (Bosu, Cobbinah, Nichols, Nkrumah, & Wagner, ; Ugwu & Omoloye, ; Wagner, Cobbinah, & Bosu, 2008a; Youmbi, Yana, & Tamesse, ). Among lepidopterans, the shoot borer Orygmophora mediofoveata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a significant pest that complicates cultivation of West African timber tree Nauclea diderrichii (Rubiaceae), targeting young trees and seedlings in nurseries (Bosu, Acquah, & Boamah, ).…”