Population‐Based Surveillance and a Case‐Control Study of Risk Factors for Endemic Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis in Peru

Abstract

Population-based surveillance and a case-control study were conducted in Abancay, Peru, to estimate the burden of disease and to determine risk factors for sporadic lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis (LS). Laboratory records from local hospitals were reviewed for the years of 1997 and 1998, and prospective surveillance was conducted for the period of September 1998 through September 1999. A case-control study was conducted with 2 matched control subjects per case patient. The mean annual incidence was 98 cases per 100,000 persons. Children had an incidence 3 times higher than that for adults and were more likely to have LS lesions on the face and neck. Identified risk factors included owning a cat, playing in crop fields, having a dirt floor in the house, working mainly outdoors, and having a ceiling made of raw wood or conditions associated with a lower socioeconomic status. Decreased environmental exposure, such wearing protective clothing during construction activities for adults or limiting contact with cats and soil for children, and improvements in living spaces may decrease the incidence of LS.

Sporothrix schenckii and sporotrichosis

“…In the south of the American continent the disease more frequently occurs in the humid autumn or in summer (Mackinnon et al 1969, Lopes et al 1999, whereas in Mexico the highest incidence is observed in cold and dry seasons (González-Ochoa 1965). No seasonal difference, however, has been reported by other authors (Vismer and Hull 1997, Lyon et al 2003, Barros et al 2004.…”

“…In some regions, the difference in the distribution of cases according to age and gender might be explained by the type of fungal exposure (Fukushiro 1984, Kusuhara et al 1988, Lyon et al 2003, but no association has been found in other regions (Pappas et al 2000).…”

Caracterización epidemiológica, clínica y de laboratorio de esporotricosis en pacientes de un hospital de tercer nivel en Lima-Perú, entre los años 1991 y 2014

“…Es endémica en Sudáfrica 8 , India 9 , Japón 10 , Estados Unidos de América (E.U.A.) 11 y en varios países de Latinoamérica como Perú [12][13][14] , Brasil 5,15 , México 16,17 , Colombia 18 , Uruguay, Costa Rica y Guatemala 19 .…”

“…En estos países, su distribución por sexo y edad está relacionada a la ocupación y exposición al hongo 12,15 . En Brasil la enfermedad estuvo relacionada al contacto con gatos, lo que ha contribuido de manera importante en la forma de transmisión de esporotricosis 5,15,20 .…”

Cutaneous sporotrichosis as an occupational disease: Case report

“…Epidemics have been described in western Australia, China and the large outbreak occurred in gold mines of South Africa in more than 3000 miners who had frequent physical contact with wood timber supports. In Uruguay, armadillo hunting is a high-risk activity [5].…”