Population-based Incidence of Pediatric and Adult Optic Neuritis and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis

Lee, Ju‐Yeun; Han, Jinu; Yang, Mina; Oh, Sei Yeul

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.09.032

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In a cohort of 770 patients with pediatric CIS who were followed for 10 years to assess the risk of conversion to MS, female gender and multifocal symptoms at onset were risk factors for the occurrence of a second attack [42]. In pediatric optic neuritis, rates of conversion to MS range from 13.8-32% [43,44]. There has been a higher risk of conversion to MS reported in those with abnormal brain MRI at the onset of optic neuritis, bilateral optic neuritis, and those with recurrent optic neuritis [43][44][45].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Current Advances in Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2020

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system leading to demyelination. MS in the pediatric population is rare, but has been shown to lead to significant disability over the duration of the disease. As we have learned more about pediatric MS, there has been a development of improved diagnostic criteria leading to earlier diagnosis, earlier initiation of disease-modifying therapies (DMT), and an increasing number of DMT used in the treatment of pediatric MS. Over time, treatment with DMT has trended towards the initiation of higher efficacy treatment at time of diagnosis to help prevent further disease progression and accrual of disability over time, and there is evidence in current literature that supports this change in treatment patterns. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge in diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes in pediatric MS.

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confidence: 99%

“…In pediatric optic neuritis, rates of conversion to MS range from 13.8-32% [43,44]. There has been a higher risk of conversion to MS reported in those with abnormal brain MRI at the onset of optic neuritis, bilateral optic neuritis, and those with recurrent optic neuritis [43][44][45]. Transverse myelitis, similarly, is typically a monophasic disorder.…”

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confidence: 99%

Current Advances in Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2020

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“…The annual incidence of ON worldwide is 1-6.4 per 100,000 adults. [1][2][3] It is a common disease with various etiologies, including infectious and immune-mediated processes. 1 The present study focused mainly on immune-mediated ON.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Etiologies of Acute Optic Neuritis in Thailand: An Observational Study of 171 Patients</p>

Vanikieti

Janyaprasert

Lueangram

et al. 2020

OPTH

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Purpose: To analyze the demographic patterns, clinical characteristics and etiologies of acute optic neuritis (ON). Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with acute ON who presented to a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, between January 2010 and March 2020. The demographic details, clinical characteristics and etiologies of acute ON were evaluated. Results: A total of 171 patients were included in the study (78.4% [n=134] female; mean age 45 years [standard deviation 15.4 years]; 32.2% [n=55] bilateral involvement). The most common type of acute ON was idiopathic (51.5%), followed by neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD, 30.9%), other autoimmune disorders (9.9%), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorder (MOGAD, 5.3%), multiple sclerosis (MS, 1.8%), and postinfection (0.6%). In the other autoimmune disorders group, 2 patients developed systemic lupus erythematosus (1.2%), 2 Sjogren's syndrome (1.2%), 1 RA (0.6%), 1 anti-NMDAR (0.6%), 3 anti-Jo1 (1.8%), 2 c-ANCA (1.2%), 1 anti-centromere (0.6%), and 5 nonspecific autoimmune disorders (2.9%). In the idiopathic group, 38.6% developed single isolated ON, 1.8% relapsing isolated ON and 11.1% chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy. Conclusion: The most common form of acute ON in this study, similar to other Asian countries, was idiopathic. Idiopathic-ON shared some phenotypes with NMOSD and MOGAD. We also reported patients with anti-NMDAR, anti-Jo1, c-ANCA and anti-centromere disorders. Improvements in antibody detection have widened the range of possible etiologies of acute ON. The study highlighted the important role of antibodies in creating effective treatments in the future.

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“…Optic neuritis (ON) is a disease that affects young adults ranging from 18 to 45 years of age, and also children as young as 4, which involves primary in ammation, demyelination, and axonal injury in the optic nerve (1)(2)(3). The annual incidence of ON is approximately 5 in 100,000, with a prevalence estimated to be 115 in 100,000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrine protects retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis in experimental optic neuritis

Kang¹,

Liu²,

Song³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Inflammatory demyelination and axonal injury of the optic nerve are hallmarks of optic neuritis (ON), which often occurs in multiple sclerosis and is a major cause of visual disturbance in young adults. Although a high dose of corticosteroids can promote visual recovery, it cannot prevent permanent neuronal damage. Novel and effective therapies are thus required. Given the recently defined capacity of matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the herb Radix Sophorae flavescens, in immunomodulation and neuroprotection, we tested in this study the effect of matrine on rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Results: MAT administration, started at disease onset, significantly suppressed optic nerve infiltration and demyelination, with reduced numbers of Iba1 + macrophages/microglia and CD4 + T cells, compared to those from vehicle-treated rats. Increased expression of neurofilaments, an axon marker, reduced numbers of apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and reduced numbers of Iba1 + macrophages/microglia and CD4 + T cells were also observed in the retina after MAT treatment. Conclusions: Taken as a whole, our results demonstrate that MAT attenuated inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss in the optic nerve, and protected RGCs from inflammation-induced cell death. MAT may therefore have potential as a novel treatment for this disease that may result in blindness.

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Population-based Incidence of Pediatric and Adult Optic Neuritis and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 41 publications

References 45 publications

Current Advances in Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis

Current Advances in Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis

<p>Etiologies of Acute Optic Neuritis in Thailand: An Observational Study of 171 Patients</p>

Matrine protects retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis in experimental optic neuritis

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