Popular myths in reproductive immunology

Clark, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.jri.2014.06.002

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Suppression of alloreactive T cells taken from the PALN during pre-implantation and implantation stages of pregnancy has also been demonstrated, further supporting insemination as a possible start point for maternal T cell tolerance [86]. TGFβ producing suppressor cells have also been identified within the PALN during implantation [87]. Experiments conducted by Beer et al [88] showed that the removal of the PALN before mating reduced the size of the feto-placental unit in mice, while splenectomy did not, consistent with the PALN being an important inductive site of maternal tolerance toward the semi-allogeneic conceptus.…”

Section: Lymphocyte Activation Following Inseminationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Seminal fluid and reproduction: much more than previously thought

Bromfield

2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

123

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The influence of seminal plasma on the cytokine and immune uterine environment is well characterised in mice and humans, while the effects of disruption to uterine seminal plasma exposure on pregnancy and offspring health is becoming more clearly understood. The cellular and molecular environment of the uterus during the pre-and peri-implantation period of early pregnancy is critical for implantation success and optimal foetal and placental development. Perturbations to this environment not only have consequences for the success of pregnancy and neonatal health and viability, but can also drive adverse health outcomes in the offspring after birth, particularly the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance. It is now reported that an absence of seminal plasma at conception in mice promotes increased fat accumulation, altered metabolism and hypertension in offspring. The evidence reviewed here demonstrates that seminal plasma is not simply a transport medium for sperm, but acts also as a key regulator of the female tract environment providing optimal support for the developing embryo and benefiting future health of offspring.

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Section: Lymphocyte Activation Following Inseminationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Seminal fluid and reproduction: much more than previously thought

Bromfield

2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

123

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“…It has been suggested that a maternal KIR AA haplotype, with mainly inhibitory KIR in combination with a fetal HLA-C2 haplotype, is associated with pre-eclampsia and recurrent miscarriage (Hiby et al 2004(Hiby et al , 2010, while interaction between a fetal HLA-C2 haplotype and KIR BB, which is activating, may confer reproductive protection. However, it should be noted that the importance of this association has been disputed (Clark 2014 ), and it is not clear why only a proportion of pregnancies with the AA/C2 combination have compromised reproductive success.…”

Section: Uterine Nk Cell: Trophoblast Cell Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Uterine NK Cells in Normal Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders

Bulmer

Lash

2015

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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The human endometrium contains a substantial population of leucocytes which vary in distribution during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. An unusual population of natural killer (NK) cells, termed uterine NK (uNK) cells, are the most abundant of these cells in early pregnancy. The increase in number of uNK cells in the mid-secretory phase of the cycle with further increases in early pregnancy has focused attention on the role of uNK cells in early pregnancy. Despite many studies, the in vivo role of these cells is uncertain. This chapter reviews current information regarding the role of uNK cells in healthy human pregnancy and evidence indicating their importance in various reproductive and pregnancy problems. Studies in humans are limited by the availability of suitable tissues and the limitations of extrapolation from animal models.

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“…Regulation of natural killer (NK) cells at the fetomaternal interface by interaction with fetal trophoblast paternal class I MHC may be obligatory for pregnancy success. Failure of angiogenesis triggered by complement activation may be a key mechanism in pregnancy pathology . It has been reported that alloimmunization may modify the maternal immune response, and therefore, the immunization can be used to prevent further miscarriage .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allogenic Lymphocyte Immunotherapy for Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: A Meta‐Analysis

Liu

Kang

et al. 2016

American J Rep Immunol

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Allogenic lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) as a treatment for unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is still controversial due to the lack of enough controls to evaluate its effectiveness. Eighteen randomized, placebo-controlled trials with LIT for URSA were included in the meta-analysis. Live birth rates for each group were extracted, and the overall odds ratio (OR) for LIT was calculated. The success rate of treatment group was significantly higher (OR 3.74, 95% CI 3.07 ~ 4.57). LIT performed before and during pregnancy had dramatically improved the live birth rate in women with URSA (OR 4.67, 95% CI 3.70 ~ 5.90). The overall OR was 5.25 (95% CI 4.16 ~ 6.64), which supports a low dose of lymphocytes for treating URSA. Our results indicate that LIT provides a significantly beneficial effect over placebo for URSA. LIT given before and during pregnancy is superior to LIT given only before pregnancy, and the lower doses per treatment (less than 100 × 10 lymphocytes or 100 mL peripheral blood) achieved a better outcome.

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Popular myths in reproductive immunology

Cited by 16 publications

References 70 publications

Seminal fluid and reproduction: much more than previously thought

Seminal fluid and reproduction: much more than previously thought

The Role of Uterine NK Cells in Normal Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders

Allogenic Lymphocyte Immunotherapy for Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: A Meta‐Analysis

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