Poor Sleep Has Negative Implications for Children With and Without ADHD, but in Different Ways

Knight, Frances Le Cornu; Dimitriou, Dagmara

doi:10.1080/15402002.2017.1395335

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In another study ( n = 56, not on children diagnosed with ADHD), CPT performance indicated that high reaction time scores were associated with more movements during sleep (measured through night actigraphy; Surratt et al, 2011). On similar lines, it was found that poor sleep was predictive of increased ADHD trait behaviors in a TD sample ( n = 20, 5–11 years), but were not associated with impaired attentional capacity measured through the CPT (Knight & Dimitriou, 2019). However, in the same study poor sleep (parasomnias, time in bed, sleep latency as revealed through CSHQ and actigraphy) is predictive of reduced attentional capacity in the ADHD sample ( n = 18, 5–11 years) with no predictive power toward ADHD-related behaviors, demonstrating that problems with sleep may exert impact on typically developing and clinical childhood populations in distinct ways (Knight & Dimitriou, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

A Systematic Review of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2021

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Objective: Children and adults with ADHD often report sleep disturbances that may form part of the etiology and/or symptomatology of ADHD. We review the evidence for sleep changes in children with ADHD. Methods: Systematic review with narrative synthesis assessing sleep and circadian function in children aged 5 to 13 years old with a diagnosis of ADHD. Results: 148 studies were included for review, incorporating data from 42,353 children. We found that sleep disturbances in ADHD are common and that they may worsen behavioral outcomes; moreover, sleep interventions may improve ADHD symptoms, and pharmacotherapy for ADHD may impact sleep. Conclusion: Sleep disturbance may represent a clinically important feature of ADHD in children, which might be therapeutically targeted in a useful way. There are a number of important gaps in the literature. We set out a manifesto for future research in the area of sleep, circadian rhythms, and ADHD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

A Systematic Review of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2021

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“…Children with ADHD are often reported to have sleep problems, which in turn can further exacerbate ADHD symptoms, for example, strong correlations have been found between sleep problems in children diagnosed with ADHD and increased daytime emotional dysfunctional behavior (23). The impact of sleep problems increasing behaviors associated with ADHD is further supported by Knight and Dimitriou (24), who reported that typically developing (TD) children experiencing sleep problems scored higher on an ADHD Conners Rating Scale (25), suggesting that severe sleep problems can result in ADHD-like behaviors in TD children (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sleep Disturbances and Patterns in Children With Neurodevelopmental Conditions

et al. 2021

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Background: Children with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDC) often experience sleep problems which are long-lasting and more complex than typically developing children. These sleep problems impact their families and there is little guidance for management specifically for sleep for families of children with neurodevelopmental conditions. The present study aims to use parental report to evaluate sleep disturbances and sleep patterns in a large sample of children with NDC. We aim to identify associations with age, diagnosis, and medication groups.Methods: Data on 601 children aged between 2 and 17 years was analyzed from a UK non-profit service for sleep for families of children with NDC. Parents/carers completed the children's sleep habit questionnaire, a 7 day sleep diary, and information on child age, diagnosis, and medication. Parents also reported previous sleep management techniques they had tried.Results: Overall, we found differences between age, diagnosis, and medication use groups for sleep disturbances and sleep diary parameters in these populations. Sensory conditions were associated with high night time waking duration. Parents reported their child's short sleep duration was the most common problem for them.Conclusions: Key areas for further research are outlined including the long term considerations for parental presence at bedtime for sleep anxiety, melatonin use and efficacy, and consideration for interventions to reduce daytime fatigue in children aged 7–11 years old.

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“…While sleep deprivation can lead to both daytime sleepiness and impulsivity in typically developing children (Sawyer et al, 2009), children with ADHD commonly exhibit sluggishness and hypo-vigilance, which correlates with more frequent sleep disturbances (Hvolby, 2015;Ludahl et al, 2015). These children have more severe ADHD symptoms and more functional impairments when compared to children with only ADHD or only sleep problems (Knight & Dimitriou, 2017;Sawyer et al, 2009). Inhibitory control, the ability to inhibit prepotent responses, is a core deficit of ADHD, (Barkley, 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Sleep in the Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Stop Signal Task Performance

Mann

Sciberras

et al. 2020

J Atten Disord

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Background: ADHD commonly occurs with sleep problems and secondary cognitive impairments such as inhibitory control. Sleep problems may explain attentional lapses and inhibition performance variability in children with ADHD. This study applied Bayesian analyses to examine the relationship between ADHD symptoms, sleep problems, and inhibition. Methods: Participants included 73 children with ADHD and 73 non-ADHD controls, aged 10.5 to 13.5 years. The Stop Signal Task measured inhibition. Sleep problems were measured with the Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale and parent-report. Results: ADHD symptoms are associated with sleep problems and reaction time variability, however, sleep problems accounted for more variance in inhibition performance than both hyperactive and inattentive symptoms. Conclusion: Sleep problems account for inhibition performance over and above ADHD symptom severity in children with and without ADHD diagnoses. This suggests clinical utility in assessing sleep in children with manifestations of ADHD, and interventions targeting sleep problems concurrently with behavioral symptoms. This further adds to the discussion on overdiagnosis of ADHD due to behavioral presentations of underlying sleep disorders. Treatment for phenotypes of ADHD could be enhanced by targeting sleep problems, in addition to inhibition deficits and attentional lapses.

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Poor Sleep Has Negative Implications for Children With and Without ADHD, but in Different Ways

Cited by 24 publications

References 55 publications

A Systematic Review of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A Systematic Review of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Sleep Disturbances and Patterns in Children With Neurodevelopmental Conditions

The Role of Sleep in the Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Stop Signal Task Performance

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