Pool strategy of a producer coordinated with vehicle-to-grid services to maximize profitability

Abstract

Abstract-This paper investigates the impact of coordinating vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services with a producer on the price amounts and the market outcomes. A stochastic intra-hour bilevel model is developed for an electricity pool including the day-ahead and real-time markets. The conditional value at risk (CVaR) function takes into account to control high trading risks which are arisen from uncertainties due to high wind penetration and EVs. The problem is formulated from a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) to a mixed-integer linear program (MILP). The simulation results demonstrate the benefits of coordinating V2G services with a strategic producer for the increasing profitability, social welfare and optimizing EV charging profiles.

Impacts of grid integration of solar PV and electric vehicle on grid stability, power quality and energy economics: a review

“…However, EVs will have to compete with other established players in the ancillary service market [91 ]. Therefore, EV aggregators must offer attractive tariffs to EV owners and develop an efficient strategy to maximise the profit of the aggregator and attract new customers [92 ]. In [93 ], the authors compared the day‐ahead (DA) prices with 50,000 and 100,000 EVs for the fixed‐rate tariff, as shown in Fig.…”

Risk-constrained offering strategy for a hybrid power plant consisting of wind power producer and electric vehicle aggregator

“…An offering strategy only considered the DR aggregator as a price maker is developed in [24]. For combining aggregated EVs with WPPs, [25] increased profits by considering unidirectional G2V services (night residential EV charging) to manage energy deviations and [26] investigated the coordination of unidirectional V2G units and traditional generating units and wind generating units for effecting market prices and outcomes. However, little researches have been done for the EV aggregator with both G2V and V2G services cooperating with WPPs as a price maker in the electricity market to increase their overall profits.…”