Ponds’ Water Quality Analysis and Impact of Heavy Metals on Fishes’ Body

Abstract

The anthropogenic activities have caused increase in the aquatic heavy metals pollution. The higher concentration of heavy metals in fish’s body also affects the consumers as it reaches to human body through the food chain. This study was conducted to analyze the ponds’ water quality based on physicochemical parameters and nutrients in relation to the dissolved heavy metals accumulated in the fishes’ body by using R programing. In this study, the heavy metals bio-accumulated from barrage pond and diversions ponds was analysed. Kigembe, Nyamagana, Rwasave fertilized and Rwasave non-fertilized ponds were purposively chosen for the study. The water sample was analysed using HACH DR5000 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer to measure Ammonium-Nitrogen, Nitrate-Nitrogen, Phosphates and Total Phosphorus at Chemistry Department’s Laboratory of University of Rwanda. While after filtration of water samples using Whatman filter papers, heavy metals including Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, Cr and Pb were determined using ICP-MS 7900. The analysis of physicochemical parameters showed that the temperature, pH, Conductivity, Turbidity and TDS were within the permissible limit of ponds’ water (20-300C, 6.5-9, less than 1000 µs/cm, 30-60 NTU and less than 2000 mg/L respectively) quality for all the sites except Rwasave fishponds, where lower pH was observed. The nutrients level in these ponds were low comparing to the standard limit. The assessed heavy metals were Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr and Pb whose concentrations analyzed in water were within permissible limit of 0.3ppm, 1ppm, 0.1ppm, 3ppm, 0.003ppm, 0.5ppm and 0.01ppm respectively while heavy metals bio-accumulated were within the permissible limit of 0.1ppm, 1ppm, 0.05ppm, 5ppm, 0.05ppm, 0.05ppm and 0.05ppm respectively for all the sites except for both dissolved and bio-accumulated Fe and Mn concentration which were high for all sites. The highest level of heavy metals concentration was obtained in particular Fe and Mn. This shows that there is urgent need of continuous water quality analysis within the ponds for maintaining the favorite conditions for fish. The water quality monitoring will help the farmers to create the safe aquatic environment for fishes and improve their production output.

Study of the Level of Lead and Zinc in Five Species of Fish in Tigris River

“…Zinc is involved in many physiological functions, participates in building cells, helps in the growth and development of embryos, and is one of the basic factors for wound healing, but an increase in zinc beyond the permissible limits causes intestinal problems, anemia, and pancreatic damage [7]The results in Table (4) showed that the effect of the bi-interaction (type of fish and river location) of the study factors was that there were no significant differences (p≤0.05) in the values of zinc in all the studied fish samples taken from the Tigris River at the Samarra location, while the results of the biinteraction recorded ( Sample type and location) A significant increase (p≤0.05) in zinc, the highest value reached ((45.58 PPM) in Silurus triostegus fish taken from the Tigris River in the Tikrit location, and the highest value reached (18.10 PPM) in Nile tilapia fish taken from the Tigris River in the location Tikrit, and the average type of fish recorded a significant increase (p≤0.05) in zinc, with the highest value (36.34 PPM) in Silurus triostegus fish taken from the Tigris River, while its lowest value (23.28 PPM and 26.70 PPM) was recorded in Nile tilapia and Zari fish. Taken from the Tigris River respectively, these results did not agree with what was reported by [5] in Indonesia.As for the biinteraction (river location and sample type), no numerical differences were recorded, reaching the highest value, respectively (41.61 PPM, 38.97 PPM, 27.35 PPM, 34.55 PPM, 34.53 PPM, and 32.78 PPM) in the liver, muscles, and gills of fish. The lowest value was recorded in the intestines of the studied fish taken from the Tigris River at the Tikrit and Samarra locations.…”

“…The results showed that the lowest values For lead, (0.30 PPM and 0.81 PPM) were recorded in both zuri and Silurus triostegus taken from the Tigris River in the Tikrit location, and the average effect of fish type recorded a significant increase (p≤0.05) for lead, reaching (2.30 PPM and 1.70 PPM). In Nile tilapia and Aspius vorax, the lowest value was recorded (0.86 PPM) in zuri fish taken from the Tigris River.These results did not agree with [5] when they studied the level of heavy metal contamination in fish meat in different locations in Indonesia.…”

“…The lowest value was recorded in the intestines of the studied fish taken from the Tigris River at the Tikrit and Samarra locations. The average location effect on zinc was (29.93 PPM) in the Tigris River at the Tikrit location compared to The element zinc reached (27.37 PPM) in the Tigris River at Samarra location [8]. The results of Table (4) showed that the bi-interaction (type of sample and type of fish) recorded significant differences (p≤0.05) in the element zinc, as its highest value was recorded at (62.78 PPM) in the gills of Silurus triostegus fish taken from the Tigris River.…”

Water Quality Assessment and Bacteriological Evaluation of Fishpond in Ilorin

“…Due to their toxicity, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and persistence properties, metal contamination in water causes a significant impact on aquatic organisms (Mao et al, 2020). It has been emphasized that the bioaccumulated heavy metals by aquatic organisms have the tendency to biomagnify along the food chain and consequently pose a risk to the health of human consumers (Ndayisenga and Dusabe, 2022). A recent report established a strong correlation between the concentration of heavy metal levels in the fishpond and various tissues of the fish body (Leonard et al, 2022).…”

Assessment of physico-chemical and bacteriological properties of Lake Lanao near Agus-1 Hydroelectric Power Plant in Marawi City, Philippines

“…It also serves as an essential source of water for various domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes in the region (Ordoñez, 2013). However, the lake is facing significant environmental degradation due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, negatively affecting its physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics (Serrano et al, 2019;Ndayisenga, & Dusabe, 2022).…”