Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30-Based Crosslinked Fast Swelling Nanogels: An Impeccable Approach for Drug’s Solubility Improvement

Abstract

Poor solubility is a global issue of copious pharmaceutical industries as large number of drugs in development stage as well as already marketed products are poorly soluble which results in low dissolution and ultimately dosage increase. Current study is aimed at developing a polyvinylpyrrolidone- (PVP-K30-) based nanogel delivery system for solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drug olanzapine (OLP), as solubilization enhancement is the most noteworthy application of nanosystems. Crosslinking polymerization with subsequent condensation technique was used for the synthesis of nanogels, a highly responsive polymeric networks in drug’s solubility. Developed nanogels were characterized by percent entrapment efficiency, sol-gel, percent swelling, percent drug loaded content (%DLC), percent porosity, stability, solubility, in vitro dissolution studies, FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis. Furthermore, cytotoxicity study was conducted on rabbits to check the biocompatibility of the system. Particle size of nanogels was found with 178.99 ± 15.32 nm , and in vitro dissolution study exhibited that drug release properties were considerably enhanced as compared to the marketed formulation OLANZIA. The solubility studies indicated that solubility of OLP was noticeably improved up to 36.7-fold in phosphate buffer of pH 6.8. In vivo cytotoxicity study indicated that prepared PVP-K30-based formulation was biocompatible. On the basis of results obtained, the developed PVP-K30-co-poly (AMPS) nanogel delivery system is expected to be safe, effective, and cost-effective for solubility improvement of poorly soluble drugs.

Preparation and Characterization of Theophylline Controlled Release Matrix System Incorporating Poloxamer 407, Stearyl Alcohol, and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose: A Novel Formulation and Development Study

“…This swelling process forms a gel-like barrier around the formulation. Concurrently or subsequently, the polymer undergoes dissolution, further contributing to the CR dynamics [ 56 , 74 ]. Gel formation within this matrix system is initiated by the hydration and subsequent swelling of the hydrophilic chains of P-407, accompanied by the aggregation of hydrophobic components to minimize their contact with the aqueous media.…”

Nanomedicines: Emerging Platforms in Smart Chemotherapy Treatment—A Recent Review

“…The use of nanoparticles has been shown to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs, making them more easily absorbed by the body [ 16 , 17 ]. Nanocarriers have become essential tools in cancer therapy, utilizing the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.…”

Polymeric Gel Systems Cytotoxicity and Drug Release as Key Features for their Effective Application in Various Fields of Addressed Pharmaceuticals Delivery

“…Therefore, the range of polymers used for the manufacture of hydrogels is limited. These include natural and synthetic polymers, in particular, poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone [ 36 ], polyoxazolines and copolymers of oxazolines [ 37 , 38 , 39 ], polysaccharides [ 40 ], polyurethanes [ 41 ], poly-N-isopropylacrylamide [ 42 ], polyacrylic acid [ 43 ] and others.…”