The kinetics of oxidation of cyclohexene, cyclohexen-1-ol, and indene by cis-[Ru IV (bpy) 2 (py)(O)] 2+ (bpy ) 2,2′-bipyridine and py ) pyridine) have been studied in CH 3 CN. The reactions are first-order in both Ru IV )O 2+ and substrate in an initial, rapid stage in which Ru(IV) is reduced to Ru(III). The rate constants are 0.16 ( 0.01, 1.10 ( 0.02, and 5.74 ( 0.74 M -1 s -1 for cyclohexene, cyclohexen-1-ol, and indene, respectively. A k(R,R′-H 4 )/k(R,R′-D 4 ) kinetic isotope effect of 21 ( 1 is observed for the oxidation of cyclohexene. At a 2:1 ratio of Ru IV dO 2+ to olefin, the reactions of Ru IV dO 2+ with either cyclohexene or indene give Ru II -NCCH 3 2+ and the 4-electron ketone products, 2-cyclohexen-1-one and indenone, respectively, as identified by GC-MS. As the ratio of cyclohexene to Ru IV dO 2+ is increased, cyclohexen-1-ol becomes an increasingly competitive product. The mechanisms of these reactions are highly complex. They involve two distinct stages and the formation and subsequent reactions of Ru III -substrate bound intermediates.