Polyurethane foams with functionalized graphene towards high fire-resistance, low smoke release, superior thermal insulation

Cao, Zhijie; Wang, Liao; Wang, Shui-Xiu; Zhao, Haibo; Wang, Yu‐Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.176

Cited by 88 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Unfortunately, when burnt halogenated compounds emit toxic smoke, thus polluting the environment and damaging human health. As environmental awareness develops, many halogen-free flame retardants have been used to improve the fire resistance of PU foams and their composites, e.g., phosphorus compounds [11][12][13], intumescent flame retardants [14,15], metal hydroxide [16,17], and waste-based and filler-type additives [18,19]. Some of the waste-based and filler-type additives consist of inorganic particles that can act as a flame spread barrier and improve fire resistance characteristics, such as heat release rate, as well as shift towards higher thermal degradation temperature [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Suppression and Thermal Behavior of Biobased Rigid Polyurethane Foam Filled with Biomass Incineration Waste Ash

et al. 2020

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Currently, there is great demand to implement circular economy principles and motivate producers of building materials to integrate into a closed loop supply chain system and improve sustainability of their end-product. Therefore, it is of great interest to replace conventional raw materials with inorganic or organic waste-based and filler-type additives to promote sustainability and the close loop chain. This article investigates the possibility of bottom waste incineration ash (WA) particles to be used as a flame retardant replacement to increase fire safety and thermal stability under higher temperatures. From 10 wt.% to 50 wt.% WA particles do not significantly deteriorate performance characteristics, such as compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption after 28 days of immersion, and at 32 • C WA particles improve the thermal stability of resultant PU foams. Furthermore, 50 wt.% WA particles reduce average heat release by 69% and CO 2 and CO yields during fire by 76% and 77%, respectively. Unfortunately, WA particles do not act as a smoke suppressant and do not reduce smoke release rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Suppression and Thermal Behavior of Biobased Rigid Polyurethane Foam Filled with Biomass Incineration Waste Ash

et al. 2020

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“…On the other hand, the ex-VN/epoxy coated wood sample extinguished the flame in just 10 s, while the bare wood sample extinguished the flame in 31 s. On the contrary, in the case of the vermiculite nanosheets-epoxy coated sample after the first ignition, the flame had propagated only 4 % of the wooden rod. This increased time duration shows that ex-VN/epoxy nanocomposite coating can hold fire static for a longer time by forming a physical barrier to propagation 37 . Since there is also release of combustible and non-combustible gases, the total and solid mass loss of the sample has been quantified by tapping the samples with minimal force to see how much black char disintegrates from the edges of the tested samples.…”

Section: Standard Fire Test and Thermal Degradationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…FTIR spectra suggest that weak interaction and grafting exist between filler and the epoxy (Figure S11). This will allow flammable gases/products to take the tortuous path to react with the surface beneath 37 . Thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity are important properties for heat transmission through the material and its surroundings in addition to thermal conductivity.…”

Section: Flame Extinguishing Time and Flame Spread Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A thermally insulating vermiculite nanosheet–epoxy nanocomposite paint as a fire-resistant wood coating

et al. 2021

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“…Some researchers are working on the improvement of this high-performance material. Cao et al [18] studied a novel functionalized graphene (FGN) to improve fire resistance and smoke suppression. They obtained positive results with a reduction of the values of over 60%.…”

Section: State Of Art: Energy Requalification Of Present Buildings Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Change Materials for Reducing Cooling Energy Demand and Improving Indoor Comfort: A Step-by-Step Retrofit of a Mediterranean Educational Building

et al. 2019

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The present work concerns the energy retrofit of a public educational building at the University of Molise, located in Termoli, South Italy. The study provides a comparison of the results obtained by different dynamic simulations of passive strategies to improve thermal comfort and energy behavior of the building during the summer regime. Firstly, the building model was calibrated against historical consumption data. Then, a subsequent step involves the technical-economic analysis, by means of building performance simulations, of energy upgrading scenarios, specifically, cool roof and green roof technologies for the horizontal opaque envelope and thermal insulation, vented façade, and phase change materials’ applications for the vertical opaque envelope. Improving the indoor thermal comfort and reducing the thermal energy demand during summertime through innovative solutions will be the primary objective of the present study. The energy efficiency measures are compared from the energy, emissions, costs, and indoor comfort points of view. Phase Change Materials applied to the inner side of the external walls are analyzed in depth and, by varying their melting temperature, optimization of design is performed too. This innovative material, with a melting temperature of 23 °C and a freezing temperature of 21 °C, determines the reduction of summer energy consumption of 11.7% and the increase of summer indoor comfort of 215 h. Even if consolidated, other solutions, like the cool roof, green roof, thermal insulation, and vented façade induce improvements in terms of summer energy saving, and the percentage difference compared to the basic building is less than 2%. For this case study, a Mediterranean building, with construction characteristics typical of the 1990s, traditional passive technologies are not very efficient in improving the energy performance, so the investigation focused on the adoption of innovative solutions such as PCMs, for reducing summer energy demand and improving indoor thermal comfort.

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Polyurethane foams with functionalized graphene towards high fire-resistance, low smoke release, superior thermal insulation

Cited by 88 publications

References 37 publications

Fire Suppression and Thermal Behavior of Biobased Rigid Polyurethane Foam Filled with Biomass Incineration Waste Ash

Fire Suppression and Thermal Behavior of Biobased Rigid Polyurethane Foam Filled with Biomass Incineration Waste Ash

A thermally insulating vermiculite nanosheet–epoxy nanocomposite paint as a fire-resistant wood coating

Phase Change Materials for Reducing Cooling Energy Demand and Improving Indoor Comfort: A Step-by-Step Retrofit of a Mediterranean Educational Building

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