Polyurethane-based Actuators with Various Polyols

Jo, Nam‐Ju; Lim, Do-Hee; Bark, Gyeong-Mi; Hu, Chun; Lee, Inwon; Park, Hyun

doi:10.1016/s1005-0302(10)60121-1

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…An electric fieldstimulated polymer-based actuators are referred to as electroactive polymers (EAPs) [2,3,7,9,10]. EAPs have the advantages, such as light weight, flexible, tolerance against fracture, and easy to fabricate, and they can convert electrical energy to mechanical energy and thus impart a force and produce large strain [2,3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. EAPs can be divided into two types based on their actuation mechanism, which is electronic EAPs (dry) and ionic EAPs (wet) [3,[8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EAPs have the advantages, such as light weight, flexible, tolerance against fracture, and easy to fabricate, and they can convert electrical energy to mechanical energy and thus impart a force and produce large strain [2,3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. EAPs can be divided into two types based on their actuation mechanism, which is electronic EAPs (dry) and ionic EAPs (wet) [3,[8][9][10][11][12]. Electronic EAPs actuate because of forces from the shift or motion of electrical charge, while most of ionic EAPs function in an electrochemical system and require liquid electrolytes for ion transport [3,[8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EAPs can be divided into two types based on their actuation mechanism, which is electronic EAPs (dry) and ionic EAPs (wet) [3,[8][9][10][11][12]. Electronic EAPs actuate because of forces from the shift or motion of electrical charge, while most of ionic EAPs function in an electrochemical system and require liquid electrolytes for ion transport [3,[8][9][10][11][12]. Ionic EAPs are inconvenient for practical application as most of them required a liquid medium to maintain their wetness, and a high-standard safety encapsulation is required for the liquid electrolyte [3,8,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jo et al [10], Watanabe et al [7,14], and Nakama et al [15] investigated the bending electrostriction of polyurethane (PU)-based films. The bending deformation of PU-based films under the application of an electric field was measured, and the mechanism was briefly discussed in their reports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discussions and reports about the bending deformation mechanism of PU-based nanocomposite actuators are limited. PU are insulators, and they are generally light, soft, flexible and easy to fabricate, and have been reported to generate deformation and large strain under electric field stimulation [3,7,10,14]. Conversely, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are also light, possess a high aspect ratio, and have outstanding mechanical, chemical, and electric properties [3,6,8,[16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavior of polymer-based electroactive actuator incorporated with mild hydrothermally treated CNTs

Melvin

Natsuki

2014

Appl. Phys. A

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We fabricated an actuator that was made from polyurethane (PU) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the filler. To improve the dispersion of the CNTs, a mild hydrothermal treatment was carried out. Carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were introduced to the surface of the CNTs, and they were found to be highly dispersed in polar solvents such as dimethylformamide. To evaluate these films, we mainly focused on electrical properties, such as dielectric spectroscopy, space charge measurements, and actuator behavior. We found that the PU/CNTs film bents toward the cathode when an electric field was applied, and it reverted to its original position when the electric field was removed. Upon the inclusion of the CNTs as the filler for the polymer, the electrical properties of the films improved significantly. The highly polarized films had a high relative permittivity, and this produced a higher Maxwell pressure, which assisted the actuation. A high accumulated charge density was observed from space charge measurements in some of the films, and this explains the bending direction and the actuation mechanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Behavior of polymer-based electroactive actuator incorporated with mild hydrothermally treated CNTs

Melvin

Natsuki

2014

Appl. Phys. A

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Influence of prepolymer reaction time in the fabrication of palm kernel oil polyol based shape memory polyurethane

Saad

Salleh

Abdullah

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Vegetable oil-based shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) has been rapidly developed in the field of advanced polymeric materials due to its unique responsive characteristic. This research aimed to investigate the effect of prepolymer reaction time on the microphase separation, soft segment crystallinity, shape memory, and tensile properties of palm kernel oil polyol (PKO-p)-based SMPU. The SMPU samples were prepared via two-step bulk polymerization process utilizing 4,4-methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), polycaprolactone diol (PCL) and 1,4-butanediol (BD). The reaction time after the addition of PKO-p varied from 0.5 to 2.5 h in prepolymer synthesis. This reaction time resulted in excellent microphase separation and improve shape memory properties. The Fourier transform infra-red analysis revealed that the degree of microphase separation of the polyurethane elastomer (PUE) increased with increasing prepolymer reaction time. In consequence, the shape fixity behavior of the PUE samples improved. The tensile strength and strain at break of PUE increased with increasing reaction time up to 2.0 h. However, when the reaction time was prolonged to 2.5 h, both values decreased. Thus, the results showed the advantages of using PKO-p, which can minimize the usage of petroleum-based polyol and improve the tensile and shape memory behavior of the PKO-p-based SMPU.

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Effects of soft and hard fillers on electromechanical properties and performance of polydimethylsiloxane elastomer for actuator applications

Prabhakar

Sahu

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Desired ratio of relative permittivity and elastic modulus limits the application of silicone rubbers as flexible electromechanical actuators. The relative permittivity can be improved by incorporating varieties of high‐k (high dielectric constant) particles and polymer reagents as plasticizers and crosslinkers into elastomer matrix. The present work investigates the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) flakes, as a soft filler, and titanium diborides (TB) particles, as a hard filler, on electromechanical actuation performance of polydimethylsiloxane elastomer for soft actuator. Elastomer composites with various concentrations of fillers are prepared to compare the influences on optical, dielectric, and mechanical properties. Uniform dispersion of fillers is confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometer, and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy analysis. Results show that the elastic modulus and relative permittivity are significantly influenced by filler contents. The elastic modulus increases with lower concentrations of PEG fillers, and at 8 wt%, it becomes comparable to the base material. Soft fillers aid in maintaining low elastic modulus, whereas hard fillers increase electrical breakdown strength as well as dielectric loss with almost equal changes in relative permittivity for both composites. The maximum actuation strain of 30.8% and 26.2% is attained for an in‐house fabricated linear actuator with 8 wt% of PEG and TB particles, respectively.

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Polyurethane-based Actuators with Various Polyols

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Behavior of polymer-based electroactive actuator incorporated with mild hydrothermally treated CNTs

Behavior of polymer-based electroactive actuator incorporated with mild hydrothermally treated CNTs

Influence of prepolymer reaction time in the fabrication of palm kernel oil polyol based shape memory polyurethane

Effects of soft and hard fillers on electromechanical properties and performance of polydimethylsiloxane elastomer for actuator applications

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