Polyunsaturated fatty acid derived signaling in reproduction and development: Insights from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Vrablik, Tracy; Watts, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1002/mrd.22167

Cited by 71 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…14], at different stages of development [24,32,33], and due to differences in their diet [29,31,34], further complicating reports of these trace metabolites. Similar conclusions regarding presence of PC 20 fatty acids and their metabolites were reached by Vrablik and Watts in a recent review [35]. Our identification of anandamide and N-arachidonoyldopamine coupled to previous reports of trace levels of C 20 -, C 22 -, and C 24 -containing ceramides [25,27], N-arachidonoylserotonin [14], N-arachidonoylglycerol [26] in Drosophila indicate that these lipids probably result from the enzymatic machinery of Drosophila incorporating dietary long-chain fatty acids into the normal lipid flux of the flies.…”

Section: Eicosanoids and Other Long-chain (>C 18 ) Fatty Acids In Drosupporting

confidence: 85%

Drosophila melanogaster as a model system to study long‐chain fatty acid amide metabolism

et al. 2014

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Long-chain fatty acid amides are cell-signaling lipids identified in mammals and, recently, in invertebrates, as well. Many details regarding fatty acid amide metabolism remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model system for the study long-chain fatty acid amide metabolism as we have quantified the endogenous levels of N-acylglycines, N-acyldopamines, N-acylethanolamines, and primary fatty acid amides by LC/QTOF-MS. Growth of Drosophila melanogaster on media supplemented with [1-13C]-palmitate lead to a family of 13C-palmitate-labeled fatty acid amides in the fly heads. The [1-13C]-palmitate feeding studies provide insight into the biosynthesis of the fatty acid amides.

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Section: Eicosanoids and Other Long-chain (>C 18 ) Fatty Acids In Drosupporting

confidence: 85%

Drosophila melanogaster as a model system to study long‐chain fatty acid amide metabolism

et al. 2014

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“…Dietary supplementation with the omega-6 PUFA ARA and the omega-3 PUFA EPA effectively suppressed Asdf, whereas that with the omega-6 PUFA DGLA did not. ARA, EPA, and DGLA are precursors of specific classes of eicosanoid signaling molecules (41), which play multiple and complex roles in animal physiology. Our finding that only ARA and EPA can suppress Asdf suggests that specific species of eicosanoids could be responsible for the physiological responses that we observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5D). The fundamental similarities of the C. elegans and mammalian lipid metabolism and eicosanoid biosynthesis and signaling pathways (41) suggests that the resource reallocation pathways and resulting trade-offs may be conserved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 and -6 fatty acids allocate somatic and germline lipids to ensure fitness during nutrient and oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans

Lynn

Dalton

Sowa

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

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Animals in nature are continually challenged by periods of feast and famine as resources inevitably fluctuate, and must allocate somatic reserves for reproduction to abate evolutionary pressures. We identify an age-dependent lipid homeostasis pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans that regulates the mobilization of lipids from the soma to the germline, which supports fecundity but at the cost of survival in nutrient-poor and oxidative stress environments. This trade-off is responsive to the levels of dietary carbohydrates and organismal oleic acid and is coupled to activation of the cytoprotective transcription factor SKN-1 in both laboratory-derived and natural isolates of C. elegans. The homeostatic balance of lipid stores between the somatic and germ cells is mediated by arachidonic acid (omega-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (omega-3) precursors of eicosanoid signaling molecules. Our results describe a mechanism for resource reallocation within intact animals that influences reproductive fitness at the cost of somatic resilience.rade-offs between fecundity and viability fitness components are thought to drive life-history traits when resources are limited (1). In Caenorhabditis elegans, previous studies that removed proliferating germ cells led to an increase in somatic fat (2) and a ∼60% increase in lifespan (3), which is hypothesized to result from the reallocation of germline resources to the soma, promoting survival through enhanced proteostasis (4) and attuned metabolism (5).Although these previous studies are compelling, the use of reproduction-deficient animals confounds the interpretation of their results with regard to trade-off models, and raises the question of how altered reallocation may affect intact animals. During reproduction, somatic resources are deposited to the germline by the actions of vitellogenins (6), which assemble and transport lipids in the form of yolk from the intestine to developing oocytes. The increased survival of germline-defective animals and their accumulation of somatic lipids suggest that the levels of somatic and germline lipids may influence the age-related decline of somatic cell function in postreproductive life (5). The mechanisms that regulate the distribution of energy resources remain elusive, however.SKN-1 is the worm homolog of mammalian Nrf2, a cytoprotective transcription factor that impacts multiple aspects of animal physiology (7). Early work on SKN-1 defined its essential roles in development (8) and oxidative stress responses (9), whereas more recent work has identified a role mediating changes in diet availability and composition (10, 11). In the present study, we examined the SKN-1-mediated dietary adaptation pathways (10-12) of C. elegans and uncovered a sophisticated mechanism for mobilizing somatic lipids to the germline when animals sense stressful environments. This altruistic act by the soma impacts organismal viability to promote fecundity during oxidative and nutrient stress conditions. The universality of oxidative stress responses among aerobic orga...

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“…In parallel, PUFAs also play important role in fertility and especially in function of spermatozoa. Indeed, testis and sperm are very rich in DHA and the high concentration of PUFAs -DHA in particular-is necessary for optimal motility and thus fertility of germ cells [92,107,108]. It is suggested that PUFAs are necessary to sperm function due to their role in membrane fluidity, however, the hypothesis that PUFAs play a role in sperm fertility via their endocannabinoids metabolites has not yet been explored clearly.…”

Section: Endocannabinoids Derived From ω-3 Pufasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Omega-6/Omega-3 and Endocannabinoids: Implications for Brain Health and Diseases

Bosch‐Bouju¹,

Layé²

2016

Cannabinoids in Health and Disease

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Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that play critical role in human health and have to be provided by food. In the brain, PUFAs are also precursors of endocannabinoids. The aim of this chapter is to review the existing literature on how dietary PUFAs impact on the endocannabinoid system in the brain and what are the consequences for brain function and dysfunction. In this chapter, we will first describe how PUFAs enter the brain, what are their metabolism processes and roles in brain function. We will describe the pathways from PUFAs to endocannabinoid production. Then, we will review the literature on how dietary ω-6/ω-3 ratio impacts the endocannabinoid system, in terms of endocannabinoid levels, proteins and endocannabinoid-dependent synaptic plasticity. In the next part, we will describe what we know about the interactions between PUFAs and endocannabinoids in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we will conclude on the possible implications of the interactions between dietary PUFAs and endocannabinoids in the normal and pathological brain. In particular, we will discuss how dietary PUFAs, as homeostatic regulators of endocannabinoids, can constitute interesting therapeutic strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of neurological disorders with endocannabinoids impairment.

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Polyunsaturated fatty acid derived signaling in reproduction and development: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 71 publications

References 113 publications

Drosophila melanogaster as a model system to study long‐chain fatty acid amide metabolism

Drosophila melanogaster as a model system to study long‐chain fatty acid amide metabolism

Omega-3 and -6 fatty acids allocate somatic and germline lipids to ensure fitness during nutrient and oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans

Dietary Omega-6/Omega-3 and Endocannabinoids: Implications for Brain Health and Diseases

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