Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in myxobacteria: different PUFA synthases and their product diversity

Gemperlein, Katja; Rachid, Shwan; Garcia, Ronald; Wenzel, Silke C.; Müller, Rolf

doi:10.1039/c3sc53163e

Cited by 59 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…However, the occurrence of these fatty acids in SBNa008 T (Table 1) was not surprising, since they have been reported previously in some other novel myxobacteria (Garcia et al, 2009b;Stadler et al, 2010) and some marine genera (Iizuka et al, 2003a, b;Fudou et al, 2002;Garcia et al, 2011). A study on PUFA biosynthesis revealed that myxobacteria synthesize these fatty acids differently from other micro-organisms (Gemperlein et al, 2014), and this could perhaps be a link to the diversity and quantity of PUFA produced. To date, the production of EPA as well as AA has only been observed in a few genera of myxobacteria in the suborders Sorangiineae and Nannocystineae Stadler et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…and incubated at 30 u C for 5 days. GC-MS analysis and identification of fatty acids, including longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), were performed according to described methods and validated with commercially available fatty acid reference standards (Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix and LC-PUFAs; both from SigmaAldrich) (Gemperlein et al, 2014). The DNA G+C content was determined by HPLC after nuclease P1 digestion of the genomic DNA (Shimelis & Giese, 2006;Li et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Minicystis rosea gen. nov., sp. nov., a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich and steroid-producing soil myxobacterium

Garcia

Gemperlein

Müller

2014

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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A bacterial strain designated SBNa008T was isolated from a Philippine soil sample. It exhibited the general characteristics associated with myxobacteria, such as swarming of Gram-negative vegetative rod cells, fruiting body and myxospore formation and predatory behaviour in lysing micro-organisms. The novel strain was characterized as mesophilic, chemoheterotrophic and aerobic. The major fatty acids were C20 : 4ω6,9,12,15 all cis (arachidonic acid), iso-C15 : 0, C17 : 1 2-OH and iso-C15 : 0 dimethylacetal. Interestingly, SBNa008T contained diverse fatty acids belonging to the commercially valuable polyunsaturated omega-6 and omega-3 families, and a highly conjugated dihydroxylated C28 steroid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.3 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed 95–96 % similarity to sequences derived from clones of uncultured bacteria and 94–95 % similarity to cultured members of the suborder Sorangiineae . Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain SBNa008T formed a novel lineage in the suborder Sorangiineae . Based on a polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strain SBNa008T represents a novel genus and species, Minicystis rosea gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Minicystis rosea is SBNa008T ( = DSM 24000T = NCCB 100349T).

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confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

Minicystis rosea gen. nov., sp. nov., a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich and steroid-producing soil myxobacterium

Garcia

Gemperlein

Müller

2014

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…This analysis identifies two families of ER domains that are more closely related to fFAS ER than FabK: ER from trans-AT PKS and the PfaD family of ERs in marine polyunsaturated fatty acid synthases (PUFA). PfaD homologs are standalone enzymes (Allen and Bartlett, 2002;Gemperlein et al, 2014;Okuyama et al, 2007) and share a distinct 80 aa N-terminal extension, unique to PUFA ERs ( Figure 1B, green). Trans-AT PKS ER domains may occur as trans-acting isolated proteins (e.g., PedB, EtnA), but in most PKS systems, they are attached to one or two AT domains to form a trans-acting AT-ER protein (Piel, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…While the bacterial KSs FabB/F closely resembles the catalytic core of FabY, its overall closest relative is the KS domains of CMN-FAS and fFAS, to which the entire FabY superimposes with an rmsd of 1.9 Å and 2.0 Å over 570 matching residues, respectively (Gemperlein et al, 2014). In comparison to the bacterial canonical ketosynthases, FabY has three noticeable expansion segments, Shoulder, Arms, and Butterfly ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Faby Is the Closest Monofunctional Relative Of The Cmn-fas Amentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolutionary Origins of the Multienzyme Architecture of Giant Fungal Fatty Acid Synthase

2014

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Fungal fatty acid synthase (fFAS) is a key paradigm for the evolution of complex multienzymes. Its 48 functional domains are embedded in a matrix of scaffolding elements, which comprises almost 50% of the total sequence and determines the emergent multienzymes properties of fFAS. Catalytic domains of fFAS are derived from monofunctional bacterial enzymes, but the evolutionary origin of the scaffolding elements remains enigmatic. Here, we identify two bacterial protein families of noncanonical fatty acid biosynthesis starter enzymes and trans-acting polyketide enoyl reductases (ERs) as potential ancestors of scaffolding regions in fFAS. The architectures of both protein families are revealed by representative crystal structures of the starter enzyme FabY and DfnA-ER. In both families, a striking structural conservation of insertions to scaffolding elements in fFAS is observed, despite marginal sequence identity. The combined phylogenetic and structural data provide insights into the evolutionary origins of the complex multienzyme architecture of fFAS.

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“…Cellular fatty acid extraction by the fatty acid methyl ester method and GS-MS analysis including the identification of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were done according to standard methods (Garcia et al, 2011Gemperlein et al, 2014). Strains used in the fatty acid analysis were grown in 50 ml MD1G medium (w/v: 0.3 % Bacto casitone, 0.05 % CaCl 2 .…”

Section: Strains Sbsr002mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetherobacter fasciculatus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Aetherobacter rufus sp. nov., novel myxobacteria with promising biotechnological applications

Garcia

Stadler

Gemperlein

et al. 2016

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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containing decaying plant material. The organisms were recognized as myxobacteria by growthstage characteristics, forming swarming colonies and fruiting bodies on agar and on filter paper. These strains were unusual for their ring-like or halo colony appearance in an agar. Both isolates were characterized as bacteriolytic, non-cellulolytic, mesophilic, aerobic and chemoheterotrophic and showed resistance to various antibiotics. GC-MS analysis of their cellular fatty acids revealed rather large quantities of docosahexaenoic acid, and they also both contained eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid and docosapentaenoic acid. Strain SBSr003 T was previously identified as the producer organism of a novel class of potent antiviral metabolites that were called aetheramides. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.0-68.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both strains belong within the family Polyangiaceae, suborder Sorangiineae, order Myxococcales. Their 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the highest similarity (97-99 %) to sequences derived from clones of uncultured bacteria, 95-96 % similarity to Byssovorax cruenta and Sorangium cellulosum and 94 % similarity to Chondromyces apiculatus.

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Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in myxobacteria: different PUFA synthases and their product diversity

Cited by 59 publications

References 40 publications

Minicystis rosea gen. nov., sp. nov., a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich and steroid-producing soil myxobacterium

Minicystis rosea gen. nov., sp. nov., a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich and steroid-producing soil myxobacterium

Evolutionary Origins of the Multienzyme Architecture of Giant Fungal Fatty Acid Synthase

Aetherobacter fasciculatus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Aetherobacter rufus sp. nov., novel myxobacteria with promising biotechnological applications

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