Polytene chromosome relationships of five species of the Anopheles dirus complex in Thailand

Abstract

Photographic maps and rearrangements of each salivary gland polytene chromosome arm of Anopheles nemophilous (species F) and of An. dirus species A, B, C, and D of the Dirus group from natural populations in Thailand are presented. Structural conformation of heterokaryotypes and comparison of chromosome banding sequences reveal 10 paracentric inversions. The data on fixed inversion of 3Rb and inversion polymorphism of the X chromosome shared by these species were used to construct a phylogeny of the five members of the An. dirus complex, thereby outlining their patterns of speciation through chromosomal rearrangements.

High levels of population structure caused by habitat islands in the malarial vector Anopheles scanloni

“…scanloni. It has previously been noted (Poopittayasataporn and Baimai, 1995) and our collection records concur (see Materials and methods), that An. scanloni is associated with limestone karst, which is patchily distributed in the Thai peninsular (Figure 4).…”

“…Like other species of the complex, An. scanloni is associated with forest but unlike them it appears to have a non-continuous distribution owing to its dependence on limestone karst habitat (Poopittayasataporn and Baimai, 1995), which occurs patchily in this region.…”

Revision of the Leucosphyrus group of Anopheles (Cellia) (Diptera, Culicidae)

“…Additionally, species status of An. dirus was corroborated by enzyme electromorphs (Green et al 1992), gas chromatography of cuticular hydrocarbons (Cui et al 1992), a nonradioactive DNA hybridization method (Audtho et al 1995), chromosome banding pattern (Poopittayasataporn & Baimai 1995), ITS2 base sequences (Xu & Qu 1997b;Xu et al 1998), ASA method using ITS2 (Walton et al 1999), a PCR based method (Huong et al 2001), and a SCAR single multiplex PCR-based method (Manguin et al 2002). Anopheles dirus is not a genetically homogeneous species in Thailand.…”

“…balabacensis species complex, i.e. morphological studies Hii 1986;Peyton & Ramalingam 1988;Damrongphol & Baimai 1989), cytogenetic and crossmating experiments (Kanda et al 1981(Kanda et al , 1983HII 1984b;Wibowo et al 1984;Baimai et al , 1988aBaimai et al , 1988cBaimai et al , 1988dBaimai 1988b;Sawadipanich et al 1990;Poopittayasataporn & Baimai 1995), enzyme electromorphs (Takai 1986;Green et al 1992), DNA hybridization (Audtho et al 1995), and molecular makers (Xu & Qu 1997b;Xu et al 1998;Walton et al 1999;Huong et al 2001;Manguin et al 2002).…”

“…balabacensis relied heavily on cross-mating and cytogenetic, as well as morphological evidence. Thereafter, the discovery of most members of the Dirus Complex was achieved primarily with crossing studies, cytogenetic studies, polytene chromosome banding patterns Baimai et al 1988a,c,d;Sawadipanich et al 1990;Poopittayasataporn & Baimai 1995), and allozyme data (Green et al 1992). More recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods were developed in Thailand using speciesspecific primers to differentiate An.…”