High levels of population structure caused by habitat islands in the malarial vector Anopheles scanloni

OʼLoughlin, Samantha; Somboon, Pradya; Walton, Catherine

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800959

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…A similar phylogeographic pattern has also been observed for other taxa endemic to Southeast Asian limestone karsts, such as Laonastes aenigmamus endemic to Khammouan karst in Central Lao PDR (Rivière-Dobigny et al 2011) and the mosquito, Anophele scanloni endemic to karsts of South Thailand (from Kanchanaburi at the north of its range to the Malaysian border in the south) (O'Loughlin et al 2007). Important similarities, such as a strong genetic structure, several highly divergent lineages corresponding to particular karstic areas and restricted gene flow among these lineages, are observed for these three species.…”

Section: Phylogeographic Structure Of Leopoldamys Neillisupporting

confidence: 52%

Evidence of complex phylogeographic structure for the threatened rodent Leopoldamys neilli, in Southeast Asia

et al. 2011

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Leopoldamys neilli is a threatened murine rodent species endemic to limestone karsts of Thailand. We have studied the phylogeography of L. neilli using two mitochondrial markers (cytb, COI) and one nuclear fragment (bfibr), in order to assess the influence of its endemicity to karst habitat. One hundred fifteen individuals of L. neilli were collected in 20 localities throughout the geographic range of this species in Thailand. Our study revealed strong geographic structure of the mtDNA genetic diversity: six highly differentiated, allopatric genetic lineages were observed in our dataset. They exhibit a very high degree of genetic divergence, low gene flow among lineages and low levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversities within lineages. Our results suggest that L. neilli's populations are highly fragmented due to the scattered distribution of its karst habitat. The most divergent lineage includes the populations from western Thailand, which have been separated from the other genetic lineages since at least the Early Pleistocene. The other lineages are more closely related and have diverged since the Middle Pleistocene. This study revealed an unexpected high level of genetic differentiation within L. neilli and highlighted the high endemicity of this species to limestone karsts. Our results enhance the importance of protecting limestone habitats to preserve not only the species but also intraspecific diversity.

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Section: Phylogeographic Structure Of Leopoldamys Neillisupporting

confidence: 52%

Evidence of complex phylogeographic structure for the threatened rodent Leopoldamys neilli, in Southeast Asia

et al. 2011

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“…; O'Loughlin et al . ). This has pointed out the importance of the northern region of Thailand as a source of genetic diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Population genetics of the high elevation black fly Simulium (Nevermannia) feuerborni Edwards in Thailand

Pramual

Wongpakam

2013

Entomological Science

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In this study, we examined the genetic structure and population history of the high elevation black fly Simulium feuerborni in Thailand at both cytogenetic and molecular genetic levels. Cytological examination revealed two cytoforms differentiated by fixed chromosome inversions. The distributions of the cytoforms were associated with geographic origins. Cytoform A was found in the lower north and northeast, and cytoform B was found in the upper northern region of Thailand. Molecular data based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding sequence supports the separation of the cytoforms. The average sequence divergence between the two cytoforms was 3.75%, which is higher than the threshold value for the species level based on a COI barcoding sequence. Median joining network clearly differentiated the haplotypes of the cytoforms into different lineages. Population pairwise FST and amova analyses reveal significant genetic differentiation between cytoforms. This indicates that the low land areas separating these populations act as a gene flow barrier. No genetic differentiation was detected within cytoforms. This could be due to a recent sharing of population history. Mismatch distribution analysis revealed population expansion in the northern lineage of the cytoform B approximately 220 000 years ago. More recent expansion (32 000 years ago) was found in the lower north and northeast (cytoform A) lineage. The demographic history of S. feuerborni mirrored previous findings in black flies and other insect species in Thailand. This indicates the important role of Pleistocene climatic change on genetic structure and diversity of Southeast Asian mainland species.

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“…Several sequences from A. scanloni (formerly known as A. dirus C), a closely related but distinct species of the A. dirus complex that is confined to karst habitat (Baimai et al. , 1988a, b; O’loughlin et al. , 2007) were included as outgroups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex population history of twoAnopheles dirusmosquito species in Southeast Asia suggests the influence of Pleistocene climate change rather than human‐mediated effects

OʼLoughlin

Okabayashi

Honda

et al. 2008

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Anopheles dirus and Anopheles baimaii are closely related species which feed on primates, particularly humans, and transmit malaria in the tropical forests of mainland Southeast Asia. Here, we report an in‐depth phylogeographic picture based on 269 individuals from 21 populations from mainland Southeast Asia. Analysis of 1537 bp of mtDNA sequence revealed that the population history of A. baimaii is far more complex than previously thought. An old expansion (pre‐300 kyr BP) was inferred in northern India/Bangladesh with a wave of south‐eastwards expansion arriving at the Thai border (ca 135–173 kyr BP) followed by leptokurtic dispersal very recently (ca 16 kyr BP) into peninsular Thailand. The long and complex population history of these anthropophilic species suggests their expansions are not in response to the relatively recent (ca 40 kyr BP) human expansions in mainland Southeast Asia but, rather, fit well with our understanding of Pleistocene climatic change there.

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High levels of population structure caused by habitat islands in the malarial vector Anopheles scanloni

Cited by 27 publications

References 50 publications

Evidence of complex phylogeographic structure for the threatened rodent Leopoldamys neilli, in Southeast Asia

Evidence of complex phylogeographic structure for the threatened rodent Leopoldamys neilli, in Southeast Asia

Population genetics of the high elevation black fly Simulium (Nevermannia) feuerborni Edwards in Thailand

Complex population history of twoAnopheles dirusmosquito species in Southeast Asia suggests the influence of Pleistocene climate change rather than human‐mediated effects

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