Polystyrene-based composites and nanocomposites with reduced brominated-flame retardant

Niroumand, Javaneh Sakhaei; Peighambardoust, Seyed Jamaleddin; Shenavar, Abolfazl

doi:10.1007/s13726-016-0451-7

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the fire resistance of PP to reduce fire hazards and guarantee people's life safety. [1][2][3][4] Numerous flame retardants (FR) have been developed for PP, mainly including bromine-based, [5,6] nitrogen-based, [7,8] phosphorous-based, [9,10] silicon-based, [11,12] and sulfur-based [13] as well as various compound elements. Halogen flame retardants represented by bromine-based FR have good compatibility with the PP material so that it will not significantly affect the mechanical properties of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Exfoliated Organo‐Montmorillonite and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene

et al. 2022

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In this study, a new type of ammonium polyphosphateintercalated organic montmorillonite (APP/OMt) was synthesized using in-situ polymerization, and the chemical structure and surface morphology of APP/OMt was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, EDS and SEM. Moreover, the intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composed of APP/OMt, pentaerythritol (PER) and melamine (MA) was added into polypropylene (PP) to fabricate the PP/IFR APP/OMt composites, and their flame-retardant and mechanical properties were characterized systematically. When the additive mass of the flame retardants was 30 %, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value reached 33.3 %, and the UL-94 test passed the V-0 level when the added amount was only 20 %. Especially, compared to the counterpart of IFR APP , the addition of IFR APP/OMt dramatically decreased the released smoke of PP during combustion, and the quality of carbon layer after combustion was obviously improved. The flame-retardant mechanism of IFR APP/OMt was deeply explored. In addition, the mechanical properties of PP composites with IFR APP/OMt were significantly improved compared with IFR APP . The enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical strength were attributed to the synergistic effect between OMt and IFR particles along with improved the dispersion of IFR APP/OMt within the PP matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Exfoliated Organo‐Montmorillonite and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene

et al. 2022

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“…45.0 -epoxy resin/ 5 wt.% MMT nanoclay [31][32][33][34] Chlorinecontaining flame retardants 1,4-di(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene (TCHQD) 25.0 -unsaturated polyesters [35,36] 1,4-di(ethoxycarbonylmethoxy)-2,3,5,6tetrachlorobenzene 27.0 -unsaturated [35,36] 20.2 -MDI/ BDO/HTPB composite 28.3 -PS680/HCFC/HFC blends [21][22][23][24][25][26] Tetrabromophthalic anhydride (TBPA) [27] Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 26.7 tin(II)tungstates/PS [28][29][30] Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA)…”

Section: Typical Flame Retardants For Polymer Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardancy of Biobased Composites—Research Development

Sienkiewicz

Czub

2020

Materials

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Due to the thermal and fire sensitivity of polymer bio-composite materials, especially in the case of plant-based fillers applied for them, next to intensive research on the better mechanical performance of composites, it is extremely important to improve their reaction to fire. This is necessary due to the current widespread practical use of bio-based composites. The first part of this work relates to an overview of the most commonly used techniques and different approaches towards the increasing the fire resistance of petrochemical-based polymeric materials. The next few sections present commonly used methods of reducing the flammability of polymers and characterize the most frequently used compounds. It is highlighted that despite adverse health effects in animals and humans, some of mentioned fire retardants (such as halogenated organic derivatives e.g., hexabromocyclododecane, polybrominated diphenyl ether) are unfortunately also still in use, even for bio-composite materials. The most recent studies related to the development of the flame retardation of polymeric materials are then summarized. Particular attention is paid to the issue of flame retardation of bio-based polymer composites and the specifics of reducing the flammability of these materials. Strategies for retarding composites are discussed on examples of particular bio-polymers (such as: polylactide, polyhydroxyalkanoates or polyamide-11), as well as polymers obtained on the basis of natural raw materials (e.g., bio-based polyurethanes or bio-based epoxies). The advantages and disadvantages of these strategies, as well as the flame retardants used in them, are highlighted.

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“…Large additive amount of phosphorus compounds, metal hydroxides, and organic montmorillonite deteriorate the general physical and mechanical properties of matrix materials and restrict their further application. To meet the needs of practical applications of polymer composites, halogen-free flame retardants, nano-flame retardants and traditional halogen flame retardants were used together [ 5 ] in order to solve the key problem in practical application of decreasing the amount of halogen flame retardants while maintaining the flame retardancy and the comprehensive physical and mechanical properties of the polymer composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Synergetic Fire-Retardant Effect of Nano-Sb2O3 in PBT Matrix

Niu

Yang

et al. 2018

Materials

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Nano-Sb2O3 has excellent synergistic flame-retardant effects. It can effectively improve the comprehensive physical and mechanical properties of composites, reduce the use of flame retardants, save resources, and protect the environment. In this work, nanocomposites specimens were prepared by the melt-blending method. The thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of a nano-Sb2O3–brominated epoxy resin (BEO)–poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) composite were analyzed, using TGA and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), coupled with EDX analysis, tensile testing, cone calorimeter tests, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flammability tests (limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL94). SEM observations showed that the nano-Sb2O3 particles were homogeneously distributed within the PBT matrix, and the thermal stability of PBT was improved. Moreover, the degree of crystallinity and the tensile strength were improved, as a result of the superior dispersion and interfacial interactions between nano-Sb2O3 and PBT. At the same time, the limiting oxygen index and flame-retardant grade were increased as the nano-Sb2O3 content increased. The results from the cone calorimeter test showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), peak carbon dioxide production (PCO2P), and peak carbon monoxide production (PCOP) of the nanocomposites were obviously reduced, compared to those of the neat PBT matrix. Meanwhile, the SEM–energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX) analysis of the residues indicated that a higher amount of C element was left, thus the charring layer of the nanocomposites was compact. This showed that nano-Sb2O3 could promote the degradation and charring of the PBT matrix, improving thermal stability and flame retardation.

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Polystyrene-based composites and nanocomposites with reduced brominated-flame retardant

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Preparation of Exfoliated Organo‐Montmorillonite and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene

Preparation of Exfoliated Organo‐Montmorillonite and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene

Flame Retardancy of Biobased Composites—Research Development

Study on the Synergetic Fire-Retardant Effect of Nano-Sb2O3 in PBT Matrix

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