Polysaccharides; Classification, Chemical Properties, and Future Perspective Applications in Fields of Pharmacology and Biological Medicine (A Review of Current Applications and Upcoming Potentialities)

Abstract

Polysaccharides are essential macromolecules which almost exist in all living forms, and have important biological functions, they are getting more attention because they exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumour, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antiviral, and hypoglycemia activities, making them one of the most promising candidates in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Polysaccharides can be obtained from many different sources, such as plants, microorganisms, algae, and animals. Due to their physicochemical properties, they are susceptible to physical and chemical modifications leading to enhanced properties, which is the basic concept for their diverse applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. In this review, we will give insight into the most recent updated applications of polysaccharides and their potentialities as alternatives for traditional and conventional therapies. Challenges and limitations for polysaccharides in pharmaceutical utilities are discussed as well.

Development and Characterization of Novel Biopolymer Derived from Abelmoschus esculentus L. Extract and Its Antidiabetic Potential

“…Recent research is focused on polysaccharides isolated from natural sources, because of its low side effect or with minimal toxicity. Meanwhile, several naturally occurring polysaccharides such as cellulose, starch, pectin, acacia gum, gum arabic, arabinogalactan, xylan, beta-glucan, and karaya gum has been reported [8,9]. Furthermore, the main bioactive component of okra mucilage is okra polysaccharide, which is reported to be comprising of pectic polysaccharides [10].…”

Seaweed Components as Potential Modulators of the Gut Microbiota

“…Polysaccharides, or carbohydrates, are repeating units of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds found in all plants, fungi, and algae. They are considered primary metabolites with structural and energy storage functions [ 52 ]. The majority of seaweed polysaccharides are composed of water-soluble and -insoluble fibre [ 53 , 54 ].…”

Exploring the therapeutic potential of marine-derived bioactive compounds against COVID-19

“…The physio-chemical and mechanical properties of sulfated polysaccharides can effectively be adjusted, which builds its utilization in drug ventures (Lee et al 2017). The antiviral activity of polysaccharides is well studied and contemplated as one of the most promising choices for the prevention and control of COVID-19 (Mohammed et al 2021).…”