Polysaccharide of atractylodes macrocephala koidz activated T lymphocytes to alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression of geese through novel_mir2/CD28/AP-1 signal pathway

Abstract

Polysaccharide Of Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz ( PAMK ) has been proved to have anti-cancer, antitumor, anti-inflammation function and improve the immune level of the organism. The miRNA plays a very important role in regulating the immune function by negatively regulate the expression of target genes. To explore the molecular mechanism of PAMK active the lymphocytes, thirty 61-d-old geese were randomly divided into 4 groups (C, CTX, PAMK, PAMK+CTX). The thymus morphology, the level of serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMC-SF), IL-1β, IL-3, IL-5, the relative mRNA expression of CD25, novel_mir2, CTLA4 and CD28 signal pathway were measured. Further more, the lymphocytes was extracted from thymus to measure the relative mRNA expression of CD28 signal pathway. The results showed that PAMK could significantly maintain normal cell morphology of thymus, alleviate the decrease level of GMC-SF, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, TGF-β, the increase level of IL-4, IL-10, and the decrease relative mRNA expression of novel_mir2, CD25 and CD28 signal pathway in thymus and lymphocytes induced by cyclophosphamide ( CTX ). In conclusion, PAMK alleviated the decreased T lymphocytes activation levels induced by CTX through novel_mir2/CTLA4/CD28/AP-1 signal pathway.

Lipopolysaccharide-induced splenic ferroptosis in goslings was alleviated by polysaccharide of atractylodes macrocephala koidz associated with proinflammatory factors

“…Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz ( PAMK ) is a major active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Atractylodes macrocephala with growth-promoting, antioxidant, antibacterial, immunity enhancement, and antitumor effects ( Wang et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2014 ; Shu et al, 2017 ). Our previous studies also found that PAMK not only could alleviate LPS-induced tissue inflammatory damage ( Guo et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021b ), but also could improve immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide ( Li et al, 2018 ; Xiang et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2021a ). At the same time, PAMK could regulate splenic lymphocyte immune function in chicken through activating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway ( Li et al, 2019b ).…”

A Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from the Fibrous Root of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. and Its Immune Enhancement Effect in Vivo and in Vitro

“…However, cytokines, including IL-1 β , IL-6, and TNF- α , play an important role in mediating and regulating the immune response, and host immunity requires these cytokines when encountering foreign harmful microorganism invasion [ 35 ]. The increasing level of IL-1 β contributes to the promotion of the proliferation of T lymphocytes and further participates in cellular immunity [ 36 ]. IL-6 and TNF- α are mainly produced by macrophages and have immune activation effects to further remove infectious agents [ 37 , 38 ].…”

The chemistry and efficacy benefits of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz

“…The results showed that polysaccharides from AM could significantly improve spleen indexes, balance Th1/Th2 ratio, alleviate abnormal shape and death of spleen cells, and increase the expression levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ mRNA in serum of mice. Li et al ( Li et al, 2021a ) also proved that polysaccharides from AM could alleviate the immunosuppressive effect of CTX on the goose. Sun et al ( Sun et al, 2015 ) proved that RAMPStp could promote the proliferation of T cells, promote the lymphocytes to enter S and G2/M phases, and significantly increase the percentage of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells.…”