Polysaccharide Extracted from Laminaria japonica Delays Intrinsic Skin Aging in Mice

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of topically applied Laminaria polysaccharide (LP) on skin aging. We applied ointment containing LP (10, 25, and 50 μg/g) or vitamin E (10 μg/g) to the dorsal skin of aging mice for 12 months and young control mice for 4 weeks. Electron microscopy analysis of skin samples revealed that LP increased dermal thickness and skin collagen content. Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease- (TIMP-) 1 expression was upregulated while that of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 1 was downregulated in skin tissue of LP-treated as compared to untreated aging mice. Additionally, phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 was higher in aging skin than in young skin, while LP treatment suppressed phospho-JNK expression. LP application also enhanced the expression of antioxidative enzymes in skin tissue, causing a decrease in malondialdehyde levels and increases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels relative to those in untreated aging mice. These results indicate that LP inhibits MMP-1 expression by preventing oxidative stress and JNK phosphorylation, thereby delaying skin collagen breakdown during aging.

Inhibition of UVB-Induced Inflammation by Laminaria japonica Extract via Regulation of nc886-PKR Pathway

“…In this study, we found that LJE can augment the expression of nc886 to defend the cells exposed to UVB damage. LJE functions as an extra layer of protection against UVB and nc886 regulated the expression of IL-8 and TNF-α increased by UVB exposure ( Figure 1 ) [ 5 , 6 , 34 ].…”

“…Its versatility is likely from its water-soluble fibers (i.e., alginate and fucoidan) and other fat-soluble ingredients (e.g., fucosterol, fucoxanthin, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc). Additionally, kelp possesses plenty of polysaccharides that provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects [ 5 , 6 ]. Studies have attempted to use these anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties to protect skin from the increasing environmental hazards.…”

“…The skin is the first layer of protection against a wide range of environmental hazards, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, heat, and infection [ 6 , 10 ]. Most notable of these hazards is ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, a major external stressor to the skin—one that can cause photoaging, inflammation, and cancer—with its intensity increasing in the face of worsening environmental pollution and ozone depletion [ 9 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Anti-Photoaging Effect of Jeju Putgyul (Unripe Citrus) Extracts on Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Ultraviolet B-induced Hairless Mouse Skin

“…It comprises various layers, including the epidermis and dermis. These layers form a protective barrier from environmental stresses, such as heat, infection, oxidative activity, and water loss [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Skin aging occurs due to two biochemical processes.…”

Polysaccharides with Antioxidative and Antiaging Activities from Enzymatic‐Extractable Mycelium by Agrocybe aegerita (Brig.) Sing

“…As the largest protective barrier of the human body, the skin is sensitive to aging, and collagen and skin elasticity decline when aging occurs [3, 39]. Experimentally, Hyp is a major component of collagen that plays a key role in collagen stability [40].…”