Polypyrrole Thin Films Formed by Admicellar Polymerization Support the Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) toward the osteoblastic phenotype seeded on polypyrrole (PPy) thin films made by admicellar polymerization. Three different concentrations of pyrrole (Py) monomer (20, 35, and 50 x 10(-3) M) were used with the PPy films deposited on tissue culture polystyrene dishes (TCP). Regular TCP dishes and PPy polymerized on TCP by chemical polymerization without surfactant using 5 x 10(-3) M Py, were used as controls. Rat MSC were seeded on these surfaces and cultured for up to 20 d in osteogenic media. Surface topography was characterized by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and static contact angle. Cell attachment, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium content were measured to evaluate the ability of MSC to adhere and differentiate on PPy-coated TCP. Increased monomer concentrations resulted in PPy films of increased thickness and surface roughness. PPy films generated by different monomer concentrations induced drastically different cellular events. A wide spectrum of cell attachment characteristics (from excellent cell attachment to the complete inability to adhere) were obtained by varying the monomer concentration from 20 m to 50 x 10(-3) M. In particular the 20 x 10(-3) M PPy thin films demonstrated superior induction of MSC osteogenicity, which was comparable to standard TCP dishes, unlike PPy films of similar thickness prepared by chemical polymerization without surfactant. Adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells on tissue culture plates (TCP) coated with polypyrrole thin films made by admicellar polymerization.

Trabecular Bone Deterioration in col9a1+/− Mice Associated With Enlarged Osteoclasts Adhered to Collagen IX–Deficient Bone

“…(43)(44)(45) Cultured cells do not adhere to the substrate with well-like pores. (46) The field emission SEM images depicted the well-like structure in wildtype calvarial bone.…”

Advances of Nanotechnology in the Stem Cells Research and Development

“…But in the same situation, lesions of grafted animals were seen as dark hypointense areas. Compared to control rats, the lesions gathering by MSCs in grafted animals become considerably smaller, which suggested a positive effect of the MSCs on lesion repair [55].Moreover, several successful applications of MR tracking can be found in other organs, such as heart [56], liver [57], kidney [58] and pancreatic islets [59]. It is reported that bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) were successfully isolated from the murine lung using magnetic nanoparticle-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic dots (M-SERS Dots) [60].…”

“…For example, Castano, et al focused on the thickness of polypyrrole films and their potential as a biocompatible material for rat MSCs [106]. Others have investigated the potential of electrospun porous scaffolds of randomly oriented 500 nm to 900 nm diameter nanofibers for cartilage repair [107][108]. Nanofibrous structures can favorably modulate osteoblast, osteoclast, and fibroblast activities toward implant and/or scaffold materials [109].…”

A 3D Electroactive Polypyrrole-Collagen Fibrous Scaffold for Tissue Engineering

“…By incorporating polypyrrole (PPy) into the fibers, we hypothesize that it would improve their mechanical properties as well as introduce electroactivity to the fibrous scaffold. Polypyrrole is a well-studied biomaterial for numerous applications in tissue engineering [8][9][10]. The monomer pyrrole does not possess a net charge, therefore rendering it suitable for PEC fabrication.…”